OVERVIEW

PRODUCT INFORMATION

REPRESENTATIVE TRADE NAMES

Prasugrel – Generic, Effient®

DRUG CLASS

Antithrombotic Agents

COMPLETE LABELING

Product labeling at DailyMed, National Library of Medicine, NIH

CHEMICAL FORMULA AND STRUCTURE

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DRUG	CAS REGISTRY NUMBER	MOLECULAR FORMULA	STRUCTURE
Prasugrel	150322-43-3	C20-H20-F-N-O3-S

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

References updated: 15 September 2020

• Zimmerman HJ. Platelet aggregation inhibitors. Drugs used in cardiovascular disease. In, Zimmerman HJ. Hepatotoxicity: the adverse effects of drugs and other chemicals on the liver. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1999, pp. 641-3.

  (Textbook of hepatotoxicity published in 1999; ticlopidine, but not clopidogrel or prasugrel is discussed).
• De Marzio DH, Navarro VJ. Hepatotoxicity of cardiovascular and antidiabetic drugs: antihypertensives. In, Kaplowitz N, DeLeve LD, eds. Drug-induced liver disease. 3rd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2013, p. 528.

  (Review of hepatotoxicity of antiplatelet drugs mentions that prasugrel is a recently approved inhibitor of platelet aggregation and has yet to be linked to cases of clinically apparent liver injury).
• Hogg K, Weitz JI. Blood coagulation and anticoagulant, fibrinolytic, and antiplatelet drugs. In, Brunton LL, Hilal-Dandan R, Knollman BC, eds. Goodman & Gilman's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 13th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2018, pp. 849-76.

  (Textbook of pharmacology and therapeutics).
• Wiviott SD, Braunwald E, McCabe CH, Montalescot G, Ruzyllo W, Gottlieb S, Neumann FJ, et al. TRITON-TIMI 38 Investigators. Prasugrel versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:2001–15. [PubMed: 17982182]

  (Controlled trial comparing prasugrel to clopidogrel in 13,608 patients with acute coronary syndromes with planned intervention found similar rates of efficacy, but higher rates of major bleeding with prasugrel [2.4% vs 1.8%]; no mention of ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity).
• Chalasani N, Fontana RJ, Bonkovsky HL, Watkins PB, Davern T, Serrano J, Yang H, Rochon J., Drug Induced Liver Injury Network (DILIN). Causes, clinical features, and outcomes from a prospective study of drug-induced liver injury in the United States. Gastroenterology. 2008;135:1924–34. [PMC free article: PMC3654244] [PubMed: 18955056]

  (Among 300 cases of drug induced liver disease in the US collected between 2004 and 2008, none were attributed to antiplatelet agents).
• Scott DM, Norwood RM, Parra D. P2Y12 inhibitors in cardiovascular disease: focus on prasugrel. Ann Pharmacother. 2009;43:64–76. [PubMed: 19050170]

  (Review of efficacy and safety of prasugrel in comparison to other antiplatelet agents; mentions that: "..elevated liver function tests could occur with prasugrel treatment").
• Prasugrel (Effient) vs. clopidogrel (Plavix). Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2009;51:69–70. [PubMed: 19738549]

  (Concise review of pharmacology, efficacy and safety of prasugrel in relation to clopidogrel, mentions the main adverse events is bleeding which is more common with prasugrel; no mention of hepatotoxicity or ALT elevations).
• Mohammad RA, Goldberg T, Dorsch MP, Cheng JW. Antiplatelet therapy after placement of a drug-eluting stent: a review of efficacy and safety studies. Clin Ther. 2010;32:2265–81. [PubMed: 21353100]

  (Systematic review of studies of antiplatelet therapy after coronary stenting discussed bleeding complications only, no mention of ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity).
• Reuben A, Koch DG, Lee WM., Acute Liver Failure Study Group. Drug-induced acute liver failure: results of a U.S. multicenter, prospective study. Hepatology. 2010;52:2065–76. [PMC free article: PMC3992250] [PubMed: 20949552]

  (Among 1198 patients with acute liver failure enrolled in a US prospective study between 1998 and 2007, 133 were attributed to drug induced liver injury, but none were due to antiplatelet medications).
• Antithrombotic drugs. Treat Guidel Med Lett. 2011;9(110):61–6. [PubMed: 21941228]

  (Guidelines on the use of antiplatelet drugs, including aspirin, clopidogrel, prasugrel, ticagrelor and ticlopidine, mentions that prasugrel appears to be more effective than clopidogrel, but has a greater risk of bleeding; no mention of hepatotoxicity or ALT elevations).
• Roe MT, Armstrong PW, Fox KA, White HD, Prabhakaran D, Goodman SG, Cornel JH, et al. TRILOGY ACS Investigators. Prasugrel versus clopidogrel for acute coronary syndromes without revascularization. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:1297–309. [PubMed: 22920930]

  (Among 7243 patients with unstable angina or myocardial infarction treated with prasugrel or clopidogrel for up to 30 months, both efficacy and safety were similar between the two groups; no mention of ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity).
• Fernández-Ruiz M, Carbonell-Porras A, García-Reyne A, López-Medrano F. Management of a hypersensitivity reaction to thienopyridines: prasugrel-induced fever and hepatitis resolved after switching to clopidogrel. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2012;65:773–4. [PubMed: 22377199]

  (40 year old woman developed fever, eosinophilia, diarrhea and liver enzyme elevations starting a few weeks after switching from clopidogrel to prasugrel [peak ALT 155 U/L, GGT 723 U/L, 10% eosinophils], resolving rapidly upon switching back).
• Serebruany VL, Kipshidze N, Pershukov IV, Kuliczkowski W, Carnes J, Atar D. Fatal sepsis and systemic inflammatory response syndrome after off-label prasugrel: a case report. Am J Ther. 2014;21:e229–33. [PubMed: 23665886]

  (65 year old man developed hypersensitivity reaction with high fever, confusion and rash 6 days after switching from clopidogrel to prasugrel, with subsequent multiorgan failure and death from sepsis by 16 days; few details given).
• Hernández N, Bessone F, Sánchez A, di Pace M, Brahm J, Zapata R, A, Chirino R, et al. Profile of idiosyncratic drug induced liver injury in Latin America: an analysis of published reports. Ann Hepatol. 2014;13:231–9. [PubMed: 24552865]

  (Among 176 reports of drug induced liver injury from Latin America published between 1996 and 2012, none were attributed to prasugrel).
• Chalasani N, Bonkovsky HL, Fontana R, Lee W, Stolz A, Talwalkar J, Reddy KR, et al. United States Drug Induced Liver Injury Network. Features and outcomes of 899 patients with drug-induced liver injury: The DILIN Prospective Study. Gastroenterology. 2015;148:1340–52.e7. [PMC free article: PMC4446235] [PubMed: 25754159]

  (Among 899 cases of drug induced liver injury enrolled in a US prospective study between 2004 and 2013, one was attributed to prasugrel: a 49 year old man who developed jaundice 3 months after starting prasugrel, atorvastatin and ranolazine that did not improve after stopping atorvastatin and ranolazine, but did after stopping prasugrel 6 weeks later).
• Schüpke S, Neumann FJ, Menichelli M, Mayer K, Bernlochner I, Wöhrle J. Richardt Get al.; ISAR-REACT 5 Trial Investigators. Ticagrelor or Prasugrel in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2019;381:1524–34. [PubMed: 31475799]

  (Among 4018 patients with acute coronary syndromes treated with ticagrelor or prasugrel for one year, major cardiovascular events were less with prasugrel [6.9% vs 9.3%], but major bleeding event rates were similar [4.8% vs 5.4%]; no mention of ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity).
• Nakamura M, Kitazono T, Kozuma K, Sekine T, Nakamura S, Shiosakai K, Iizuka T. Prasugrel for Japanese patients with ischemic heart disease in long-term clinical practice (PRASFIT-Practice II)- 1-year follow-up results of a postmarketing observational study. Circ J. 2019;84(1):101–8. [PubMed: 31748446]

  (Among 4155 Japanese patients followed in a postmarketing observation study after starting prasugrel, major bleeding episodes occurred in 1%, any bleeding episode in 5.5% and 0.2% developed abnormal liver tests; no details provide).
• Navarese EP, Khan SU, Kołodziejczak M, Kubica J, Buccheri S, Cannon CP, Gurbel PA, et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of oral P2Y12 inhibitors in acute coronary syndrome: network meta-analysis of 52 816 from 12 randomized trials. Circulation. 2020;142:150–60. [PMC free article: PMC7489363] [PubMed: 32468837]

  (Metaanalysis of 12 randomized controlled trials in 52,816 patients comparing 3 antiplatelet agents found that prasugrel and ticagrelor had lower rates of cardiovascular mortality and stent thrombosis than clopidogrel, but had higher rates of major bleeding episodes; no mention of ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity).
• Tarantini G, Mojoli M, Varbella F, Caporale R, Rigattieri S, Andò G, Cirillo P, et al.; DUBIUS Investigators, on behalf of the Italian Society of Interventional Cardiology (SICI-GISE). Timing of oral P2Y inhibitor administration in non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020: S0735-1097(20)36444-5. Epub ahead of print.

  (Among 1449 patients undergoing coronary angiography treated with prasugrel or ticagrelor, rates of a combined clinical efficacy endpoint were similar in the two groups; no mention of ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity).