Search Strategies

National Collaborating Centre for Women's and Children's Health (UK)

See 2017 Partial Update

Update information July 2017: The footnote in recommendation 4 was updated to link to the newest NICE guideline on coeliac disease. Footnotes in table 4 were corrected by NICE with manufacturer information that has changed since original publication.

Appendix ISearch Strategies

Publication Details

What is the diagnostic value of the history taking and the physical examination in diagnosing chronic idiopathic constipation in newborns, infants and children?

Table

History taking: passage of meconium, stool patterns, timing of onset of constipation & potential precipitating factors, growth and general well being, locomotor development, diet and fluid intake, social factors, abdominal distension, vomiting, (more...)

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to August Week 3 2009 IC_historytaking_medline_160709

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 3rd Quarter 2009 IC_historytaking_CCTR_170709

DARE, CDSR IC_historytaking_CSTRDARE_170709

EMBASE 1980 to 2009 Week 35 IC_historytaking_Embase_170709

CINAHL Ebsco IC_historytaking_Cinahl_170709

What is the diagnostic value of digital rectal examination in idiopathic constipation?

Table

Ovid MEDLINE 1950 to April Week 5 2008 IC_dre_medline_090508

Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 1st Quarter 2008 IC_dre_cctr_090508

CDSR, DARE IC_dre_cdsrdare_090508

EMBASE 1980 to 2008 Week 19 IC_dre_embase_090508

CINAHL - Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature 1982 to May Week 1 2008 IC_dre_cinahl_090508

Cinahl Ebsco IC_dre_cinahl_090508

What is the effectiveness of excluding cow's milk and goat's milk protein in the treatment of idiopathic constipation?

Table

Ovid MEDLINE 1950 to April Week 5 2008 IC_exclude_milk_medline_120508

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 1st Quarter 2008 IC_exclude_milk_cctr_120508

CDSR, DARE IC_exclude_milk_cdsrdare_120508

EMBASE 1980 to 2008 Week 19 IC_exclude_milk_embase_120508

CINAHL - Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature 1982 to May Week 1 2008 IC_exclude_milk_cinahl_120508

Cinahl Ebsco IC_exclude_milk_cinahl_ebsco_120508

What is the diagnostic value of abdominal ultrasound in idiopathic constipation? What is the diagnostic value of abdominal x-ray in idiopathic constipation? What is the diagnostic value of transit time with radiological markers in idiopathic constipation?

Table

Ovid MEDLINE 1950 to June Week 1 2008 IC_ultrasound_radiography_transit_time_medline_130608

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 2nd Quarter 2008 IC_ultrasound_radiography_transit_time_cctr_130608

CDSR, DARE IC_ultrasound_radiography_transit_time_cdsrdare_130608

EMBASE 1980 to 2008 Week 24 IC_ultrasound_radiography_transit_time_embase_130608

CINAHL - Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature 1982 to June Week 1 2008 IC_ultrasound_radiography_transit_time_cinahl_130608

Cinahl Ebsco IC_ultrasound_radiography_transit_time_cinahl_130608

What is the effectiveness of pharmacological/surgical interventions in achieving disimpaction/maintenance in children with idiopathic constipation?

Table

Stimulant laxatives: Sodium picosulphate: elixir, perles, bowel cleansing solutions, oral powder (Laxoberal, Dulco-lax Liquid/Perles, Picolax)

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to July Week 4 2008 IC_disimpaction_maintain_pharm_surg_medline_050808

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 3rd Quarter 2008 IC_disimpaction_maintain_pharm_surg_cctr_050808

CDSR, DARE IC_disimpaction_maintain_pharm_surg_cdsrdare_050808

EMBASE 1980 to 2008 Week 31 IC_disimpaction_maintain_pharm_surg_embase_050808

CINAHL - Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature 1982 to August Week 1 2008 IC_disimpaction_maintain_pharm_surg_cinahl_050808

Cinahl Ebsco IC_disimpaction_maintain_pharm_surg_cinahl_050808_8

What is the effectiveness of pharmacological/surgical interventions in achieving disimpaction/maintenance in children with idiopathic constipation? Economic search

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to September Week 3 2008 IC_disimpaction_maintain_pharm_surg_economic_medline_260908

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 3rd Quarter 2008 IC_disimpaction_maintain_pharm_surg_economic_cctr_260908

EBM Reviews - Health Technology Assessment 3rd Quarter 2008 IC_disimpaction_maintain_pharm_surg_economic_hta_260908

EBM Reviews - NHS Economic Evaluation Database 3rd Quarter 2008 IC_disimpaction_maintain_pharm_surg_economic_NHSEED_260908

EMBASE 1980 to 2008 Week 38 IC_disimpaction_maintain_pharm_surg_economic_embase_260908

What are the adverse effects of the long-term use of laxatives in children with constipation?

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to August Week 2 2008 IC_adv_longterm_laxatives_medline_260808

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 3rd Quarter 2008 IC_adv_longterm_laxatives_CCTR_260808

DARE, CDSR IC_adv_longterm_laxatives_CDSRDARE_260808

EMBASE 1980 to 2008 Week 34 IC_adv_longterm_laxatives_embase_260808

CINAHL - Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature 1982 to August Week 4 2008 IC_adv_longterm_laxatives_cinahl_260808

Cinahl Ebsco IC_adv_longterm_laxatives_cinahl_260808_C

What are the adverse effects of the long-term use of laxatives in children with constipation? Economic search

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to September Week 3 2008 IC_adv_longterm_laxatives_economic_medline_260808

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 3rd Quarter 2008 IC_adv_longterm_laxatives_economics_CCTR_260808

EBM Reviews - Health Technology Assessment 3rd Quarter 2008 IC_adv_longterm_laxatives_economics_hta_260808

EMBASE 1980 to 2008 Week 38 IC_adv_longterm_laxatives_economics_embase_260808

What is the effectiveness of dietary and lifestyle modifications in improving constipation in neonates, infants and all children up to their 18th birthday diagnosed with idiopathic constipation?

Table

Increasing fluids intake Increasing physical activity/exercise

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to September Week 2 2008 IC_Q8_dietlife_medline_220908

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 3rd Quarter 2008 IC_Q8_dietlife_cctr_220908

DARE, CDSR IC_Q8_dietlife_cdsrdare_220908

EMBASE 1980 to 2008 Week 38 IC_Q8_dietlife_embase_220908

CINAHL - Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature 1982 to September Week 3 2008 IC_Q8_dietlife_cinahl_220908

Cinahl Ebsco IC_Q8_dietlife_cinahl_ebsco_220908

What is the effectiveness of complementary therapies in improving constipation in neonates, infants and all children up to their 18th birthday diagnosed with idiopathic constipation?

Table

Changes in frequency of bowel movements Changes in stools consistency/appearance

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to November Week 3 2008 IC_Q15_comptherapies_medline_271108

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 4th Quarter 2008 IC_Q15_comptherapies_cctr_271108

DARE, CDSR IC_Q15_comptherapies_cdsrdare_271108

EMBASE 1980 to 2008 Week 48 IC_Q15_comptherapies_embase_271108

CINAHL - Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature 1982 to November Week 3 2008 IC_Q15_comptherapies_cinahl_271108

Cinahl Ebsco IC_Q15_comptherapies_cinahl_271108

AMED (Allied and Complementary Medicine) 1985 to August 2009 IC_Q15_comptherapies _AMED_111208 (search strategy saved on 12^th August 2009)

What is the effectiveness of massage in improving constipation in neonates, infants and all children up to their 18th birthday diagnosed with idiopathic constipation?

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to February Week 1 2009 IC_Q15_comptherapies_medline_babymassage_160209

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 1st Quarter 2009 IC_Q15_comptherapies_cctr_babymassage_160209

DARE, CDSR IC_Q15_comptherapies_cdsrdare_babymassage_160209

EMBASE 1980 to 2009 Week 07 IC_Q15_comptherapies_embase_babymassage_160209

Cinahl Ebsco IC_Q15_comptherapies_cinahl_babymassage_160209

PsycINFO 1967 to February Week 2 2009 IC_Q15_comptherapies_PSYCINFO_babymassage_160209

AMED (Allied and Complementary Medicine) 1985 to February 2009 IC_Q15_comptherapies_AMED_babymassage_160209

What is the effectiveness of behavioural interventions in improving constipation in neonates, infants and all children up to their 18th birthday diagnosed with idiopathic constipation?

Table

Toilet /bowel / habit training and retraining Behavioural modification: 'chaining' and 'shaping' programmes

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to January Week 2 2009 IC_Q14_behavioural_MEDLINE_160109

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 4th Quarter 2008 IC_Q14_behavioural_CCTR_160109

DARE, CDSR IC_Q14_behavioural_CDSRDARE_160109

EMBASE 1980 to 2009 Week 03 IC_Q14_behavioural_EMBASE_160109

Cinahl Ebsco IC_Q14_behavioural_CINAHL_160109

PsycINFO 1967 to January Week 3 2009 IC_Q14_behavioural_PSYCINFO_160109

What is the effectiveness of psychological interventions in improving constipation in neonates, infants and all children up to their 18th birthday diagnosed with idiopathic constipation?

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to January Week 2 2009 IC_Q14_psychological_MEDLINE_160109

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 4th Quarter 2008 IC_Q14_psychological_CCTR_160109

DARE, CDSR IC_Q14_psychological_CDSRDARE_160109

EMBASE 1980 to 2009 Week 03 IC_Q14_psychological_EMBASE_190109

PsycINFO 1967 to January Week 3 2009 IC_Q14_psychological_PSYCINFO_190109

Cinahl Ebsco IC_Q14_psychological_CINAHL_190109

What is the prevalence of hypothyroidism in children with chronic constipation?

Table

Hypothyroidism or underactive thyroid or congenital hypothyroidism or cretinism or acquired hypothyroidism Thyroid function tests

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to January Week 3 2009 IC_prevalence_hypothyroidism_MEDLINE_300109

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 4th Quarter 2008 IC_prevalence_hypothyroidism_CCTR_300109

DARE, CDSR IC_prevalence_hypothyroidism_CDSRDARE_300109

EMBASE 1980 to 2009 Week 04 IC_prevalence_hypothyroidism_EMBASE_300109

Cinahl Ebsco IC_prevalence_hypothyroidism_CINAHL_300109

What is the prevalence of coeliac disease in children with chronic constipation?

Table

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to January Week 3 2009 IC_prevalence_coeliac_MEDLINE_030209

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 4th Quarter 2008 IC_prevalence_coeliac_CCTR_030209

DARE, CDSR IC_prevalence_coeliac_CDSRDARE_030209

EMBASE 1980 to 2009 Week 05 IC_prevalence_coeliac_EMBASE_030209

Cinahl Ebsco IC_prevalence_coeliac_CINAHL_030209

What is the diagnostic value of the rectal biopsy in diagnosing idiopathic constipation in newborns, infants and children?

Table

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to February Week 2 2009 IC_dx_rectalbiopsy_medline_200209

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 1st Quarter 2009 IC_dx_rectalbiopsy_cctr_200209

DARE, CDSR IC_dx_rectalbiopsy_cdsrdare_200209

EMBASE 1980 to 2009 Week 08 IC_dx_rectalbiopsy_embase_200209

Cinahl Ebsco IC_dx_rectalbiopsy_cinahl_200209

What is the diagnostic value of the gastrointestinal endoscopy in diagnosing idiopathic constipation in newborns, infants and children?

Table

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to February Week 2 2009 IC_dx_gastroscopy_medline_200209

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 1st Quarter 2009 IC_dx_gastroscopy_cctr_200209

DARE, CDSR IC_dx_gastroscopy_cdsrdare_200209

EMBASE 1980 to 2009 Week 08 IC_dx_gastroscopy_embase_200209

Cinahl Ebsco IC_dx_gastroscopy_cinahl_200209

What is the effectiveness of offering information and support in addition to usual care in improving constipation in children up to their 18th birthday diagnosed with chronic idiopathic constipation?

Table

health information or health education advice or information or education

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to March Week 3 2009 IC_infosupport_medline_260309

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 1st Quarter 2009 IC_infosupport_cctr_260309

DARE, CDSR IC_infosupport_CDSRDARE_260309

EMBASE 1980 to 2009 Week 12 IC_infosupport_embase_260309

Cinahl Ebsco IC_infosupport_cinahlebsco_260309_2

What is the effectiveness of rectal manometry for ongoing treatment of children up to their 18th birthday with chronic idiopathic constipation?

Table

Rectal manometry or anorectal manometry No intervention

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to April Week 1 2009 IC_rectalmanometry_medline_140409

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 1st Quarter 2009 IC_rectalmanometry_cctr_140409

DARE, CDSR IC_rectalmanometry_cdsrdare_140409

EMBASE 1980 to 2009 Week 15 IC_rectalmanometry_embase_140409

Cinahl Ebsco IC_rectalmanometry_cinahl_140409

Publication Details

Copyright

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher or, in the case of reprographic reproduction, in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency in the UK [www.cla.co.uk]. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the terms stated here should be sent to the publisher at the UK address printed on this page.

The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore for general use.

Publisher

RCOG Press, London

NLM Citation

National Collaborating Centre for Women's and Children's Health (UK). Constipation in Children and Young People: Diagnosis and Management of Idiopathic Childhood Constipation in Primary and Secondary Care. London: RCOG Press; 2010. (NICE Clinical Guidelines, No. 99.) Appendix I, Search Strategies.

PICO question:

What is the diagnostic value of the history taking and the physical examination in diagnosing chronic idiopathic constipation in newborns, infants and children?

Patients/Population

Neonates (newborns), infants and all children up to their 18th birthday

Intervention/Exposure

-: History taking: passage of meconium, stool patterns, timing of onset of constipation & potential precipitating factors, growth and general well being, locomotor development, diet and fluid intake, social factors, abdominal distension, vomiting, retentive posturing, overflow soiling, straining, pain on defecation, bleeding with defecation, anal fissure, painful bowel movements, poor appetite

-: Physical examination: abdominal examination, abdominal mass, abdominal distension, spine/lumbosacral region/gluteal examination, perianal area inspection, anal fissure, height and weight, faltering growth, lower limb neuromuscular examination including tone, strength and reflexes

Control

Abdominal X-ray

Abdominal ultrasound

Colonic transit time

Gastrointestinal endoscopy

Anorectal manometry

Rectal biopsy

Outcomes

Diagnosis of constipation

Accurate diagnosis of constipation

Differential diagnosis of constipation

Sensitivity, specificity

Diagnostic value

Diagnostic accuracy

Positive predictive value

Negative predictive value

Study design

Diagnostic studies

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to August Week 3 2009
IC_historytaking_medline_160709

#	Searches	Results
1	exp INFANT/	804252
2	infan$.tw.	262654
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	141480
4	(baby or babies).tw.	40356
5	exp CHILD/	1307623
6	child$.tw.	750378
7	ADOLESCENT/	1320822
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	121333
9	or/1-8	2602144
10	CONSTIPATION/	8296
11	constipat$.ti.	3459
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	894
13	ENCOPRESIS/	554
14	FECAL IMPACTION/	750
15	coprostasis.tw.	24
16	or/10-15	10013
17	MEDICAL HISTORY TAKING/	14576
18	(history adj2 (take or taking)).ti,ab.	2967
19	Anamnesis.ti,ab.	3215
20	heteroanamnesis.ti,ab.	10
21	17 or 18 or 19 or 20	19589
22	physical examination.ti,ab. or PHYSICAL EXAMINATION/	48721
23	(physical adj inspection).ti,ab.	31
24	palpatation.ti,ab.	3
25	percussion.ti,ab. or PERCUSSION/	2383
26	AUSCULTATION/	3397
27	AUSCULTATION/ or Auscultation.ti,ab.	5363
28	((physical or body or bodily) adj2 (check$ or exam$ or explor$ or inspect$ or investigat$ or perlustrat$ or perus$ or prob$ or scan$)).ti,ab.	41108
29	or/22-28	68056
30	21 or 29	82175
31	9 and 16 and 30	106

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 3rd Quarter 2009
IC_historytaking_CCTR_170709

#	Searches	Results
1	exp INFANT/	18139
2	infan$.tw.	12672
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	4435
4	(baby or babies).tw.	1721
5	exp CHILD/	30693
6	child$.tw.	35075
7	ADOLESCENT/	57234
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	5321
9	or/1-8	100601
10	CONSTIPATION/	550
11	constipat$.ti.	456
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	164
13	ENCOPRESIS/	23
14	FECAL IMPACTION/	8
15	coprostasis.tw.	0
16	or/10-15	872
17	exp INFANT/	18139
18	infan$.tw.	12672
19	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	4435
20	(baby or babies).tw.	1721
21	exp CHILD/	30693
22	child$.tw.	35075
23	ADOLESCENT/	57234
24	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	5321
25	or/17-24	100601
26	CONSTIPATION/	550
27	constipat$.ti.	456
28	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	164
29	ENCOPRESIS/	23
30	FECAL IMPACTION/	8
31	coprostasis.tw.	0
32	or/26-31	872
33	MEDICAL HISTORY TAKING/	187
34	(history adj2 (take or taking)).ti,ab.	118
35	Anamnesis.ti,ab.	68
36	heteroanamnesis.ti,ab.	0
37	33 or 34 or 35 or 36	348
38	physical examination.ti,ab. or PHYSICAL EXAMINATION/	1443
39	(physical adj inspection).ti,ab.	0
40	palpatation.ti,ab.	0
41	percussion.ti,ab. or PERCUSSION/	124
42	AUSCULTATION/	83
43	AUSCULTATION/ or Auscultation.ti,ab.	214
44	((physical or body or bodily) adj2 (check$ or exam$ or explor$ or inspect$ or investigat$ or perlustrat$ or perus$ or prob$ or scan$)).ti,ab.	2188
45	or/38-44	2887
46	37 or 45	3168
47	25 and 32 and 46	7

DARE, CDSR
IC_historytaking_CSTRDARE_170709

#	Searches	Results
1	INFANT.kw.	934
2	infan$.tw,tx.	1752
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw,tx.	1092
4	(baby or babies).tw,tx.	852
5	CHILD.kw.	1390
6	child$.tw,tx.	4391
7	ADOLESCENT.kw.	933
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw,tx.	1620
9	or/1-8	5231
10	CONSTIPATION.kw.	37
11	constipat$.ti.	27
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw,tx.	58
13	ENCOPRESIS.kw.	6
14	FECAL IMPACTION.kw.	1
15	coprostasis.tw,tx.	0
16	or/10-15	89
17	MEDICAL HISTORY TAKING.kw.	26
18	(history adj2 (take or taking)).ti,ab.	1
19	Anamnesis.ti,ab.	0
20	heteroanamnesis.ti,ab.	0
21	17 or 18 or 19 or 20	27
22	physical examination.ti,ab. or PHYSICAL EXAMINATION.kw.	80
23	(physical adj inspection).ti,ab.	0
24	palpatation.ti,ab.	0
25	percussion.ti,ab. or PERCUSSION.kw.	7
26	AUSCULTATION.kw.	5
27	AUSCULTATION.kw. or Auscultation.ti,ab.	8
28	((physical or body or bodily) adj2 (check$ or exam$ or explor$ or inspect$ or investigat$ or perlustrat$ or perus$ or prob$ or scan$)).ti,ab.	42
29	or/22-28	111
30	21 or 29	121
31	9 and 16 and 30	0

EMBASE 1980 to 2009 Week 35
IC_historytaking_Embase_170709

#	Searches	Results
1	exp NEWBORN/	184280
2	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	100609
3	exp CHILD/	649198
4	infan$.tw.	176819
5	(baby or babies).tw.	28452
6	child$.tw.	507803
7	exp CHILDHOOD/	16160
8	exp ADOLESCENCE/	26729
9	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	91941
10	or/1-9	1083660
11	CONSTIPATION/	28657
12	constipat$.ti.	2820
13	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	833
14	encopresis.tw.	356
15	FECES IMPACTION/	488
16	coprostasis.tw.	18
17	or/11-16	29713
18	MEDICAL HISTORY TAKING/	80744
19	(history adj2 (take or taking)).ti,ab.	2595
20	Anamnesis.ti,ab.	2269
21	heteroanamnesis.ti,ab.	6
22	or/18-21	83631
23	physical examination.ti,ab. or PHYSICAL EXAMINATION/	79955
24	(physical adj inspection).ti,ab.	37
25	palpatation.ti,ab.	3
26	percussion.ti,ab. or PERCUSSION/	1651
27	AUSCULTATION/	1326
28	AUSCULTATION/ or Auscultation.ti,ab.	2589
29	((physical or body or bodily) adj2 (check$ or exam$ or explor$ or inspect$ or investigat$ or perlustrat$ or perus$ or prob$ or scan$)).ti,ab.	36092
30	or/23-29	93092
31	22 or 30	157261
32	10 and 17 and 31	341

CINAHL Ebsco
IC_historytaking_Cinahl_170709

Tuesday, September 01, 2009 4:39:13 AM

#	Query	Limiters/Expanders	Last Run Via	Results
S72	S8 AND S30 AND (S36 OR S71)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S71	S37 or S38 or S39 or S40 or S41 or S42 or S43 or S44 or S45 or S46 or S47 or S48 or S49 or S50 or S51 or S52 or S53 or S54 or S55 or S56 or S57 or S58 or S59 or S60 or S61 or S62 or S63 or S64 or S65 or S66 or S67 or S68 or S69 or S70	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S70	TI (body n2 scan) or AB (body n2 scan)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S69	TI (body n2 prob) or AB (body n2 prob)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S68	TI (body n2 perus) or AB (body n2 perus)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S67	TI (body n2 perlustrat) or AB (body n2 perlustrat)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S66	TI (body n2 investigat) or AB (body n2 investigat)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S65	TI (body n2 inspect) or AB (body n2 inspect)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S64	TI (body n2 explor) or AB (body n2 explor)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S63	TI (body n2 exam) or AB (body n2 exam)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S62	TI (body n2 check) or AB (body n2 check)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S61	TI (bodily n2 scan) or AB (bodily n2 scan)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S60	TI (bodily n2 prob) or AB (bodily n2 prob)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S59	TI (bodily n2 perus) or AB (bodily n2 perus)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S58	TI (bodily n2 perlustrat) or AB (bodily n2 perlustrat)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S57	TI (bodily n2 investigat) or AB (bodily n2 investigat)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S56	TI (bodily n2 inspect) or AB (bodily n2 inspect)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S55	TI (bodily n2 explor) or AB (bodily n2 explor)	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S54	TI (bodily n2 exam) or AB (bodily n2 exam)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S53	TI (bodily n2 check) or AB (bodily n2 check)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S52	TI (physical n2 scan) or AB (physical n2 scan)	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S51	TI (physical n2 prob) or AB (physical n2 prob)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S50	TI (physical n2 perus) or AB (physical n2 perus)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S49	TI (physical n2 perlustrat) or AB (physical n2 perlustrat)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S48	TI (physical n2 investigat) or AB (physical n2 investigat)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S47	TI (physical n2 inspect) or AB (physical n2 inspect)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S46	TI (physical n2 explor) or AB (physical n2 explor)	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S45	TI (physical n2 exam) or AB (physical n2 exam)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S44	TI (physical n2 check) or AB (physical n2 check)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S43	TI (auscultation) or AB (auscultation)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S42	TI (percussion) or AB (percussion)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S41	TI (palpatation) or AB (palpatation)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S40	MH PALPATATION+	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S39	TI (physical inspection) or AB (physical inspection)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S38	TI (physical examination) or AB (physical examination)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S37	MH PHYSICAL EXAMINATION+	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S36	S32 or S33 or S34 or S35	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S35	TI (hetero anamnesis) or AB (hetero anamnesis)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S34	TI (heteroanamnesis) or AB (heteroanamnesis)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S33	TI (anamnesis) or AB (anamnesis)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S32	TI (history n2 tak) or AB (history n2 tak)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S31	MH PATIENT HISTORY TAKING+	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S30	S9 or S10 or S11 or S12 or S13 or S14 or S15 or S16 or S17 or S18 or S19 or S20 or S21 or S22 or S23 or S24 or S25 or S26 or S27 or S28 or S29	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S29	coprostasis	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S28	MH FECES, IMPACTED	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S27	encopresis	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S26	infrequent* N3 feces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S25	infrequent* N3 faeces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S24	infrequent* N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S23	infrequent N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S22	irregular N3 feces*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S21	irregular N3 faeces*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S20	irregular N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S19	irregular N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S18	delay* N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S17	delay* N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S16	delay* N3 faeces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S15	delay* N3 feces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S14	difficult* N3 feces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S13	difficult* N3 faeces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S12	difficult* N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S11	difficult* N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S10	TI constipat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S9	MH CONSTIPATION	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S8	S1 or S2 or S3 or S4 or S5 or S6 or S7	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S7	adolescen* or teenage*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S6	MH ADOLESCENCE+	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S5	child*	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S4	baby or babies	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S3	newborn* OR neonate*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S2	infant*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S1	MH CHILD+	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text

PICO question:

What is the diagnostic value of digital rectal examination in diagnosing constipation in newborns, infants and children?

Patients/Population

Neonates (newborns), infants and all children up to their 18th birthday

Intervention/Exposure

Digital rectal examination, digital examination, rectal examination

Control

No examination/intervention /physical examination without digital rectal examination

Outcomes

Diagnosis of constipation

Accurate diagnosis of constipation

Differential diagnosis of constipation

Sensitivity, specificity

Diagnostic value

Positive predictive value

Negative predictive value

Ovid MEDLINE 1950 to April Week 5 2008
IC_dre_medline_090508

#	Searches	Results
1	exp INFANT/	777578
2	infan$.tw.	247293
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	135345
4	(baby or babies).tw.	36629
5	exp CHILD/	1253336
6	child$.tw.	694460
7	ADOLESCENT/	1256792
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	108512
9	or/1-8	2476826
10	CONSTIPATION/	7780
11	constipat$.ti.	3234
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	799
13	or/10-12	8437
14	DIGITAL RECTAL EXAMINATION/	148
15	PALPATION/	6149
16	((rect$ or digital$) adj3 (exam$ or palpat$)).tw.	5598
17	or/14-16	11146
18	and/9,13,17	37

Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 1st Quarter 2008
IC_dre_cctr_090508

#	Searches	Results
1	exp INFANT/	17078
2	infan$.tw.	11744
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	4126
4	(baby or babies).tw.	1607
5	exp CHILD/	37886
6	child$.tw.	31903
7	ADOLESCENT/	53239
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	4596
9	or/1-8	93003
10	CONSTIPATION/	499
11	constipat$.ti.	385
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	137
13	or/10-12	754
14	DIGITAL RECTAL EXAMINATION/	5
15	PALPATION/	209
16	((rect$ or digital$) adj3 (exam$ or palpat$)).tw.	334
17	or/14-16	507
18	and/9,13,17	4

CDSR, DARE
IC_dre_cdsrdare_090508

#	Searches	Results
1	INFANT$.kw.	806
2	infan$.tw.	1468
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	932
4	(baby or babies).tw.	739
5	CHILD$.kw.	1192
6	child$.tw.	3706
7	ADOLESCEN$.kw.	725
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	1278
9	or/1-8	4368
10	CONSTIPATION$.kw.	26
11	constipat$.ti.	20
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	52
13	or/10-12	69
14	DIGITAL RECTAL EXAMINATION$.kw.	0
15	PALPATION.kw.	9
16	((rect$ or digital$) adj3 (exam$ or palpat$)).tw.	48
17	or/14-16	56
18	and/9,13,17	2

EMBASE 1980 to 2008 Week 19
IC_dre_embase_090508

#	Searches	Results
1	exp NEWBORN/	175803
2	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	94473
3	exp CHILD/	606114
4	infan$.tw.	165608
5	(baby or babies).tw.	26493
6	child$.tw.	468525
7	exp CHILDHOOD/	15221
8	exp ADOLESCENCE/	24963
9	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	82692
10	or/1-9	1009516
11	CONSTIPATION/	24789
12	constipat$.ti.	2589
13	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	763
14	or/11-13	25378
15	DIGITAL RECTAL EXAMINATION/	1130
16	PALPATION/	3098
17	((rect$ or digital$) adj3 (exam$ or palpat$)).tw.	4349
18	or/15-17	7942
19	and/10,14,18	43

CINAHL - Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature 1982 to May Week 1 2008
IC_dre_cinahl_090508

#	Searches	Results
1	exp CHILD/	167875
2	infan$.tw.	24145
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	9228
4	(baby or babies).tw.	8431
5	child$.tw.	97317
6	exp ADOLESCENCE/	105277
7	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	24305
8	or/1-7	253301
9	CONSTIPATION/	1454
10	constipat$.ti.	707
11	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	73
12	or/9-11	1533
13	DIGITAL RECTAL EXAMINATION/	107
14	PALPATION/	722
15	((rect$ or digital$) adj3 (exam$ or palpat$)).tw.	275
16	or/13-15	1047
17	and/8,12,16	4

Cinahl Ebsco
IC_dre_cinahl_090508

Tuesday, February 10, 2009 10:57:25 AM

#	Query	Limiters/Expanders	Last Run Via	Results
S35	S8 and S27 and S34	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S34	S28 or S29 or S30 or S31 or S32 or S33	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S33	digital N3 palpat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S32	rect* N3 palpat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S31	digital* N3 examination	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S30	rect* N3 examination	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S29	MH PALPATION	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S28	MH DIGITAL RECTAL EXAMINATION	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S27	S9 or S10 or S11 or S12 or S13 or S14 or S15 or S16 or S17 or S18 or S19 or S20 or S21 or S22 or S23 or S24 or S25 or S26	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S26	infrequent* N3 feces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S25	infrequent* N3 faeces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S24	infrequent* N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S23	infrequent N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S22	irregular N3 feces*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S21	irregular N3 faeces*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S20	irregular N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S19	irregular N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S18	delay* N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S17	delay* N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S16	delay* N3 faeces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S15	delay* N3 feces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S14	difficult* N3 feces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S13	difficult* N3 faeces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S12	difficult* N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S11	difficult* N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S10	TI constipat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S9	MH CONSTIPATION	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S8	S1 or S2 or S3 or S4 or S5 or S6 or S7	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S7	adolescen* or teenage*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S6	MH ADOLESCENCE+	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S5	child*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S4	baby or babies	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S3	newborn* OR neonate*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S2	infant*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S1	MH CHILD+	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display

PICO question:

What is the effectiveness of excluding cow's milk protein and goat's milk protein in improving constipation in neonates, infants and all children up to their 18th birthday diagnosed with idiopathic constipation?

Patients/Population

Neonates (newborns), infants and all children up to their 18th birthday diagnosed with idiopathic constipation

Intervention/Exposure

Cow's milk free diet

Goat's milk free diet

Soy milk diet

Any other milk substitute/formula diet

Control

Usual / “normal” diet including cow's milk

Outcomes

Changes in frequency of bowel movements

Changes in stool consistency/appearance

Changes in pain/difficulty on passing stools

Reduction in episodes of soiling

Ovid MEDLINE 1950 to April Week 5 2008
IC_exclude_milk_medline_120508

#	Searches	Results
1	exp INFANT/	777578
2	infan$.tw.	247293
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	135345
4	(baby or babies).tw.	36629
5	exp CHILD/	1253336
6	child$.tw.	694460
7	ADOLESCENT/	1256792
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	108512
9	or/1-8	2476826
10	CONSTIPATION/	7780
11	constipat$.ti.	3234
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	799
13	or/10-12	8437
14	MILK/	34724
15	MILK HYPERSENSITIVITY/	1167
16	MILK PROTEINS/	7313
17	CULTURED MILK PRODUCTS/	183
18	MILK SUBSTITUTES/	38
19	SOY MILK/	154
20	INFANT FORMULA/	883
21	milk$.ti.	31095
22	or/14-21	52082
23	and/9,13,22	53

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 1st Quarter 2008
IC_exclude_milk_cctr_120508

#	Searches	Results
1	exp INFANT/	17078
2	infan$.tw.	11744
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	4126
4	(baby or babies).tw.	1607
5	exp CHILD/	37886
6	child$.tw.	31903
7	ADOLESCENT/	53239
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	4596
9	or/1-8	93003
10	CONSTIPATION/	499
11	constipat$.ti.	385
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	137
13	or/10-12	754
14	MILK/	625
15	MILK HYPERSENSITIVITY/	102
16	MILK PROTEINS/	210
17	CULTURED MILK PRODUCTS/	18
18	MILK SUBSTITUTES/	1
19	SOY MILK/	17
20	INFANT FORMULA/	118
21	milk$.ti.	1194
22	or/14-21	1663
23	and/9,13,22	10

CDSR, DARE
IC_exclude_milk_cdsrdare_120508

#	Searches	Results
1	INFANT$.kw.	806
2	infan$.tw.	1468
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	932
4	(baby or babies).tw.	739
5	CHILD$.kw.	1192
6	child$.tw.	3706
7	ADOLESCEN$.kw.	725
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	1278
9	or/1-8	4368
10	CONSTIPATION$.kw.	26
11	constipat$.ti.	20
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	52
13	or/10-12	69
14	MILK.kw.	27
15	MILK HYPERSENSITIVITY.kw.	4
16	MILK PROTEIN$.kw.	2
17	CULTURED MILK PRODUCT$.kw.	0
18	MILK SUBSTITUTE$.kw.	0
19	SOY MILK.kw.	1
20	INFANT FORMULA$.kw.	11
21	milk$.ti.	28
22	or/14-21	42
23	and/9,13,22	1

EMBASE 1980 to 2008 Week 19
IC_exclude_milk_embase_120508

#	Searches	Results
1	exp NEWBORN/	175803
2	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	94473
3	exp CHILD/	606114
4	infan$.tw.	165608
5	(baby or babies).tw.	26493
6	child$.tw.	468525
7	exp CHILDHOOD/	15221
8	exp ADOLESCENCE/	24963
9	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	82692
10	or/1-9	1009516
11	CONSTIPATION/	24789
12	constipat$.ti.	2589
13	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	763
14	or/11-13	25378
15	MILK/	12994
16	MILK ALLERGY/	1440
17	MILK PROTEIN/	2061
18	MILK FAT/	886
19	ARTIFICIAL MILK/	4897
20	SOYBEAN MILK/	178
21	milk$.ti.	14433
22	or/15-21	26453
23	and/10,14,22	107

CINAHL - Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature 1982 to May Week 1 2008
IC_exclude_milk_cinahl_120508

#	Searches	Results
1	exp CHILD/	167875
2	infan$.tw.	24145
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	9228
4	(baby or babies).tw.	8431
5	child$.tw.	97317
6	exp ADOLESCENCE/	105277
7	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	24305
8	or/1-7	253301
9	CONSTIPATION/	1454
10	constipat$.ti.	707
11	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	73
12	or/9-11	1533
13	MILK/	980
14	MILK HYPERSENSITIVITY/	126
15	CULTURED MILK PRODUCTS/	17
16	SOY MILK/	49
17	INFANT FORMULA/	1173
18	milk$.ti.	1575
19	or/13-18	3109
20	and/8,12,19	25

Cinahl Ebsco
IC_exclude_milk_cinahl_ebsco_120508

Tuesday, February 10, 2009 11:00:25 AM

#	Query	Limiters/Expanders	Last Run Via	Results
S35	S8 and S27 and S34	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S34	S28 or S29 or S30 or S31 or S32 or S33	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S33	TI milk*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S32	MH INFANT FORMULA	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S31	MH SOY MILK	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S30	MH CULTURED MILK PRODUCTS	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S29	MH MILK HYPERSENSITIVITY	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S28	MH MILK	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S27	S9 or S10 or S11 or S12 or S13 or S14 or S15 or S16 or S17 or S18 or S19 or S20 or S21 or S22 or S23 or S24 or S25 or S26	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S26	infrequent* N3 feces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S25	infrequent* N3 faeces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S24	infrequent* N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S23	infrequent N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S22	irregular N3 feces*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S21	irregular N3 faeces*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S20	irregular N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S19	irregular N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S18	delay* N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S17	delay* N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S16	delay* N3 faeces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S15	delay* N3 feces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S14	difficult* N3 feces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S13	difficult* N3 faeces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S12	difficult* N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S11	difficult* N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S10	TI constipat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S9	MH CONSTIPATION	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S8	S1 or S2 or S3 or S4 or S5 or S6 or S7	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S7	adolescen* or teenage*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S6	MH ADOLESCENCE+	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S5	child*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S4	baby or babies	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S3	newborn* OR neonate*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S2	infant*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S1	MH CHILD+	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display

PICO question:

What is the diagnostic value of the abdominal ultrasound in diagnosing constipation in newborns, infants and children?

Patients/Population

Neonates (newborns), infants and all children up to their 18th birthday

Intervention/Exposure

Abdominal ultrasound

Control

Digital rectal examination

Abdominal palpation

Abdominal X-ray

Transit time with radiological isotope markers

PICO question:

What is the diagnostic value of the abdominal X-ray in diagnosing constipation in newborns, infants and children?

Patients/Population

Neonates (newborns), infants and all children up to their 18th birthday

Intervention/Exposure

Abdominal X-ray

Control

Digital rectal examination

Abdominal palpation

Abdominal ultrasound

Transit time with radiological isotope markers

PICO question:

What is the diagnostic value of the transit time with radiological isotope markers in diagnosing constipation in newborns, infants and children?

Patients/Population

Neonates (newborns), infants and all children up to their 18th birthday

Intervention/Exposure

Transit time with radiological isotope markers

Control

Digital rectal examination

Abdominal palpation

Abdominal ultrasound

Abdominal X-ray

Ovid MEDLINE 1950 to June Week 1 2008
IC_ultrasound_radiography_transit_time_medline_130608

#	Searches	Results
1	exp INFANT/	783668
2	infan$.tw.	249562
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	136395
4	(baby or babies).tw.	36944
5	exp CHILD/	1263129
6	child$.tw.	701143
7	ADOLESCENT/	1266160
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	109624
9	or/1-8	2495657
10	CONSTIPATION/	7852
11	constipat$.ti.	3275
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	807
13	ENCOPRESIS/	546
14	or/10-13	8897
15	ABDOMEN/us [Ultrasonography]	1119
16	ULTRASONOGRAPHY/	57984
17	RECTUM/us [Ultrasonography]	396
18	RADIOGRAPHY, ABDOMINAL/	4405
19	RECTUM/ra [Radiography]	870
20	(ultrasonograph$ or ultrasound$ or echograph$ or radiograph$ or x-ray$).tw.	374885
21	GASTROINTESTINAL TRANSIT/	3207
22	transit time$.tw.	7146
23	(radio$ adj3 marker$).tw.	1840
24	or/15-23	416301
25	and/9,14,24	369

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 2nd Quarter 2008
IC_ultrasound_radiography_transit_time_cctr_130608

#	Searches	Results
1	exp INFANT/	17332
2	infan$.tw.	11877
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	4171
4	(baby or babies).tw.	1645
5	exp CHILD/	38473
6	child$.tw.	32312
7	ADOLESCENT/	54093
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	4623
9	or/1-8	94186
10	CONSTIPATION/	512
11	constipat$.ti.	393
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	145
13	ENCOPRESIS/	23
14	or/10-13	780
15	ABDOMEN/us [Ultrasonography]	17
16	ULTRASONOGRAPHY/	524
17	RECTUM/us [Ultrasonography]	19
18	RADIOGRAPHY, ABDOMINAL/	78
19	RECTUM/ra [Radiography]	9
20	(ultrasonograph$ or ultrasound$ or echograph$ or radiograph$ or x-ray$).tw.	11999
21	GASTROINTESTINAL TRANSIT/	388
22	transit time$.tw.	755
23	(radio$ adj3 marker$).tw.	137
24	or/15-23	13138
25	and/9,14,24	38

CDSR, DARE
IC_ultrasound_radiography_transit_time_cdsrdare_130608

#	Searches	Results
1	INFANT$.kw.	810
2	infan$.tw.	1486
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	941
4	(baby or babies).tw.	746
5	CHILD$.kw.	1205
6	child$.tw.	3776
7	ADOLESCEN$.kw.	734
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	1302
9	or/1-8	4440
10	CONSTIPATION$.kw.	26
11	constipat$.ti.	20
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	52
13	ENCOPRESIS$.kw.	6
14	or/10-13	72
15	ULTRASONOGRAPHY.kw.	151
16	RADIOGRAPHY, ABDOMINAL.kw.	1
17	(ultrasonograph$ or ultrasound$ or echograph$ or radiograph$ or x-ray$).tw.	1625
18	GASTROINTESTINAL TRANSIT.kw.	2
19	transit time$.tw.	34
20	(radio$ adj3 marker$).tw.	9
21	or/15-20	1654
22	and/9,14,21	12

EMBASE 1980 to 2008 Week 24
IC_ultrasound_radiography_transit_time_embase_130608

#	Searches	Results
1	exp NEWBORN/	176366
2	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	94875
3	exp CHILD/	609180
4	infan$.tw.	166347
5	(baby or babies).tw.	26638
6	child$.tw.	471284
7	exp CHILDHOOD/	15303
8	exp ADOLESCENCE/	25099
9	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	83364
10	or/1-9	1014754
11	CONSTIPATION/	25091
12	constipat$.ti.	2610
13	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	764
14	encopresis.tw.	343
15	or/11-14	25870
16	ECHOGRAPHY/	97645
17	TRANSRECTAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY/	2876
18	ABDOMINAL RADIOGRAPHY/	8238
19	(ultrasonograph$ or ultrasound$ or echograph$ or radiograph$ or x-ray$).tw.	302815
20	GASTROINTESTINAL TRANSIT/	1213
21	INTESTINE TRANSIT TIME/	2995
22	transit time$.tw.	6195
23	(radio$ adj3 marker$).tw.	1563
24	or/16-23	363283
25	and/10,15,24	392

CINAHL - Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature 1982 to June Week 1 2008
IC_ultrasound_radiography_transit_time_cinahl_130608

#	Searches	Results
1	exp CHILD/	170050
2	infan$.tw.	24433
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	9380
4	(baby or babies).tw.	8553
5	child$.tw.	98558
6	exp ADOLESCENCE/	106760
7	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	24608
8	or/1-7	256679
9	CONSTIPATION/	1481
10	constipat$.ti.	724
11	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	74
12	encopresis.tw.	67
13	or/9-12	1606
14	ABDOMEN/us [Ultrasonography]	93
15	ULTRASONOGRAPHY/	3263
16	RECTUM/us [Ultrasonography]	11
17	RADIOGRAPHY, ABDOMINAL/	279
18	RECTUM/ra [Radiography]	14
19	(ultrasonograph$ or ultrasound$ or echograph$ or radiograph$ or x-ray$).tw.	20131
20	GASTROINTESTINAL TRANSIT/	78
21	transit time$.tw.	187
22	(radio$ adj3 marker$).tw.	84
23	or/14-22	22224
24	and/8,13,23	28

Cinahl Ebsco
IC_ultrasound_radiography_transit_time_cinahl_130608

#	Query	Limiters/Expanders	Last Run Via	Results
S39	S8 and S27 and S38	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S38	S28 or S29 or S30 or S31 or S32 or S33 or S34 or S35 or S36 or S37	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S37	radio* N3 marker*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S36	transit time	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S35	MH GASTROINTESTINAL TRANSIT	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S34	ultrasonograph* or ultrasound* or echograph* or radiograph* or x-ray*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S33	MH RECTUM/RA	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S32	MH RADIOGRAPHY, ABDOMINAL	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S31	MH RECTUM/US	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S30	MH ULTRASONOGRAPHY	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S29	MH ABDOMEN/US	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S28	(MH “Abdomen/US”)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S27	S9 or S10 or S11 or S12 or S13 or S14 or S15 or S16 or S17 or S18 or S19 or S20 or S21 or S22 or S23 or S24 or S25 or S26	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S26	infrequent* N3 feces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S25	infrequent* N3 faeces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S24	infrequent* N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S23	infrequent N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S22	irregular N3 feces*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S21	irregular N3 faeces*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S20	irregular N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S19	irregular N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S18	delay* N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S17	delay* N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S16	delay* N3 faeces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S15	delay* N3 feces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S14	difficult* N3 feces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S13	difficult* N3 faeces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S12	difficult* N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S11	difficult* N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S10	TI constipat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S9	MH CONSTIPATION	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S8	S1 or S2 or S3 or S4 or S5 or S6 or S7	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S7	adolescen* or teenage*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S6	MH ADOLESCENCE+	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S5	child*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S4	baby or babies	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S3	newborn* OR neonate*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S2	infant*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S1	MH CHILD+	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display

PICO question:

What is the effectiveness of pharmacological/surgical interventions in achieving disimpaction/maintenance in children with constipation?

Patients/Population

Neonates (newborns), infants and all children up to their 18th birthday with constipation

Intervention/Exposure

Stimulant laxatives:
- Sodium picosulphate: elixir, perles, bowel cleansing solutions, oral powder (Laxoberal, Dulco-lax Liquid/Perles, Picolax)
- Bisacodyl: tablets, suppositories (Dulco-lax)
- Senna: tablets, granules, syrup (Manevac, Senokot)
- Glycerol: suppositories (Glycerin)
- Dantron: suspension, capsules. With poloxamer ‘188’ as co-danthramer, with docusate sodium as co-danthrusate (Capsuvac, Normax, Codalax, Danlax, CodalaxForte)
- Docusate Sodium: paediatric/adult solution, rectal preparations, capsules (Dioctyl, Docusol, Norgalax Micro-enema)
Osmotic laxatives:
- Magnesium salts: suspension, bowel cleansing solution (Magnesium Hydroxide, Citramag)
- Lactulose: solution (Duphalac, Lactugal, Regulose)
- Phosphates: suppositories, enema, bowel cleansing solution (Carbalax, Fleet, Fletcher's)
- Sodium citrate: enema (Micolette, Microlax, Relaxit)
Macrogols (Polyethylene glycols):
oral powder, bowel cleansing solution (Idrolax, Movicol, Klean-Prep)
Faecal softeners:
enema, emulsion (arachis oil, liquid paraffin)
Bulk forming laxatives:
- Ispaghula husk: granules, sachets, powder (Fibrelief, Fybogel, Isogel, Ispagel Orange, Regulan)
- Methylcellulose: tablets, extemporaneous preparations (Celevac)
- Sterculia: granules, sachets (Normacol, Normacol Plus)
Manual evacuation of the bowel under general anaesthetic
ACE procedure: antegrade colonic enema

Control

Any of the previous

Outcomes:

Changes in frequency of bowel movements
Changes in stools consistency/appearance
Changes in pain/difficulty on passing stools
Changes in frequency of episodes of soiling
Reduction in laxative
Parent/child views/satisfaction or Quality of Life

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to July Week 4 2008
IC_disimpaction_maintain_pharm_surg_medline_050808

#	Searches	Results
1	exp INFANT/	792602
2	infan$.tw.	252622
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	137610
4	(baby or babies).tw.	37451
5	exp CHILD/	1276785
6	child$.tw.	710268
7	ADOLESCENT/	1279734
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	111000
9	or/1-8	2524395
10	CONSTIPATION/	7995
11	constipat$.ti.	3320
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	819
13	ENCOPRESIS/	552
14	FECAL IMPACTION/	738
15	coprostasis.tw.	23
16	or/10-15	9649
17	LAXATIVES/	65
18	laxative$.ti.	967
19	CATHARTICS/	3901
20	PICOLINES/	1032
21	sodium picosulphate$.tw.	36
22	laxoberal.tw.	4
23	dulcolax.tw.	59
24	picolax.tw.	41
25	BISACODYL/	267
26	SENNA EXTRACT/	308
27	manevac.tw.	0
28	senokot.tw.	17
29	GLYCEROL/	18096
30	glycerin$.tw.	2240
31	ANTHRAQUINONES/	3947
32	(dantron or danthron).tw.	72
33	capsuvac.tw.	0
34	normax.tw.	0
35	codalax.tw.	0
36	danlax.tw.	0
37	codalaxforte.tw.	0
38	DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINIC ACID/	380
39	dioctyl.tw.	340
40	docusol.tw.	0
41	norgalax.tw.	1
42	or/17-41	28809
43	MAGNESIUM/	57375
44	magnesium.tw.	33285
45	citramag.tw.	4
46	LACTULOSE/	1434
47	DISACCHARIDES/	6669
48	duphalac.tw.	21
49	lactugal.tw.	0
50	regulose.tw.	0
51	PHOSPHATES/	46842
52	carbalax.tw.	0
53	fleet.tw.	591
54	fletcher$.tw.	545
55	CITRATES/	13460
56	sodium citrate$.tw.	1581
57	micolette.tw.	0
58	microlax.tw.	8
59	relaxit.tw.	7
60	or/43-59	136683
61	POLYETHYLENE GLYCOLS/	23496
62	macrogol$.tw.	134
63	idrolax.tw.	0
64	movicol.tw.	8
65	klean$.tw.	24
66	or/61-65	23606
67	((faecal or fecal) adj3 soft$).tw.	21
68	OILS/	8137
69	arachis.tw.	1029
70	MINERAL OIL/	1386
71	liquid paraffin.tw.	364
72	or/67-71	10766
73	PSYLLIUM/	465
74	ispaghula.tw.	107
75	fibrelief.tw.	0
76	fybogel.tw.	10
77	isogel.tw.	7
78	ispagel.tw.	0
79	regulan.tw.	1
80	METHYLCELLULOSE/	3189
81	celevac.tw.	2
82	STERCULIA/	14
83	normacol.tw.	8
84	or/73-83	3731
85	manual evacuation.tw.	39
86	ace.tw.	20224
87	(antegrade adj3 colon$).tw.	101
88	or/86-87	20305
89	or/42,60,66,72,84-85,88	220047
90	and/9,16,89	410
91	limit 90 to humans	395

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 3rd Quarter 2008
IC_disimpaction_maintain_pharm_surg_cctr_050808

#	Searches	Results
1	exp INFANT/	17523
2	infan$.tw.	11965
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	4189
4	(baby or babies).tw.	1648
5	exp CHILD/	38980
6	child$.tw.	32759
7	ADOLESCENT/	54880
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	4820
9	or/1-8	95485
10	CONSTIPATION/	518
11	constipat$.ti.	405
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	146
13	ENCOPRESIS/	23
14	FECAL IMPACTION/	7
15	coprostasis.tw.	0
16	or/10-15	796
17	LAXATIVES/	3
18	laxative$.ti.	121
19	CATHARTICS/	382
20	PICOLINES/	50
21	sodium picosulphate$.tw.	17
22	laxoberal.tw.	1
23	dulcolax.tw.	20
24	picolax.tw.	30
25	BISACODYL/	73
26	SENNA EXTRACT/	46
27	manevac.tw.	0
28	senokot.tw.	6
29	GLYCEROL/	475
30	glycerin$.tw.	109
31	ANTHRAQUINONES/	73
32	(dantron or danthron).tw.	1
33	capsuvac.tw.	0
34	normax.tw.	0
35	codalax.tw.	0
36	danlax.tw.	0
37	codalaxforte.tw.	0
38	DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINIC ACID/	13
39	dioctyl.tw.	9
40	docusol.tw.	0
41	norgalax.tw.	0
42	or/17-41	1104
43	MAGNESIUM/	867
44	magnesium.tw.	2258
45	citramag.tw.	3
46	LACTULOSE/	231
47	DISACCHARIDES/	92
48	duphalac.tw.	7
49	lactugal.tw.	0
50	regulose.tw.	0
51	PHOSPHATES/	809
52	carbalax.tw.	0
53	fleet.tw.	39
54	fletcher$.tw.	10
55	CITRATES/	392
56	sodium citrate$.tw.	131
57	micolette.tw.	0
58	microlax.tw.	1
59	relaxit.tw.	1
60	or/43-59	3922
61	POLYETHYLENE GLYCOLS/	790
62	macrogol$.tw.	8
63	idrolax.tw.	0
64	movicol.tw.	3
65	klean$.tw.	8
66	or/61-65	803
67	((faecal or fecal) adj3 soft$).tw.	0
68	OILS/	90
69	arachis.tw.	14
70	MINERAL OIL/	30
71	liquid paraffin.tw.	16
72	or/67-71	143
73	PSYLLIUM/	104
74	ispaghula.tw.	47
75	fibrelief.tw.	0
76	fybogel.tw.	8
77	isogel.tw.	0
78	ispagel.tw.	0
79	regulan.tw.	1
80	METHYLCELLULOSE/	107
81	celevac.tw.	1
82	STERCULIA/	7
83	normacol.tw.	1
84	or/73-83	246
85	manual evacuation.tw.	0
86	ace.tw.	2675
87	(antegrade adj3 colon$).tw.	1
88	or/86-87	2676
89	or/42,60,66,72,84-85,88	8499
90	and/9,16,89	63

CDSR, DARE
IC_disimpaction_maintain_pharm_surg_cdsrdare_050808

#	Searches	Results
1	INFANT.kw.	809
2	infan$.tw.	1497
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	946
4	(baby or babies).tw.	747
5	CHILD.kw.	1164
6	child$.tw.	3818
7	ADOLESCENT.kw.	751
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	1325
9	or/1-8	4493
10	CONSTIPATION.kw.	26
11	constipat$.ti.	20
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	52
13	ENCOPRESIS.kw.	6
14	FECAL IMPACTION.kw.	1
15	coprostasis.tw.	0
16	or/10-15	72
17	LAXATIVES.kw.	0
18	laxative$.ti.	3
19	CATHARTICS.kw.	11
20	PICOLINES.kw.	1
21	sodium picosulphate$.tw.	3
22	laxoberal.tw.	1
23	dulcolax.tw.	0
24	picolax.tw.	2
25	BISACODYL.kw.	1
26	SENNA EXTRACT.kw.	0
27	manevac.tw.	1
28	senokot.tw.	2
29	GLYCEROL.kw.	3
30	glycerin$.tw.	23
31	ANTHRAQUINONES.kw.	2
32	(dantron or danthron).tw.	1
33	capsuvac.tw.	1
34	normax.tw.	1
35	codalax.tw.	0
36	danlax.tw.	0
37	codalaxforte.tw.	0
38	DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINIC ACID.kw.	1
39	dioctyl.tw.	7
40	docusol.tw.	1
41	norgalax.tw.	1
42	or/17-41	41
43	MAGNESIUM.kw.	43
44	magnesium.tw.	193
45	citramag.tw.	1
46	LACTULOSE.kw.	2
47	DISACCHARIDES.kw.	1
48	duphalac.tw.	1
49	lactugal.tw.	0
50	regulose.tw.	1
51	PHOSPHATES.kw.	9
52	carbalax.tw.	0
53	fleet.tw.	4
54	fletcher$.tw.	39
55	CITRATES.kw.	2
56	sodium citrate$.tw.	4
57	micolette.tw.	1
58	microlax.tw.	0
59	relaxit.tw.	1
60	or/43-59	245
61	POLYETHYLENE GLYCOLS.kw.	10
62	macrogol$.tw.	2
63	idrolax.tw.	2
64	movicol.tw.	2
65	klean$.tw.	1
66	or/61-65	12
67	((faecal or fecal) adj3 soft$).tw.	4
68	OILS.kw.	33
69	arachis.tw.	4
70	MINERAL OIL.kw.	0
71	liquid paraffin.tw.	8
72	or/67-71	45
73	PSYLLIUM.kw.	2
74	ispaghula.tw.	8
75	fibrelief.tw.	0
76	fybogel.tw.	2
77	isogel.tw.	1
78	ispagel.tw.	1
79	regulan.tw.	2
80	METHYLCELLULOSE.kw.	0
81	celevac.tw.	2
82	STERCULIA.kw.	0
83	normacol.tw.	1
84	or/73-83	12
85	manual evacuation.tw.	3
86	ace.tw.	141
87	(antegrade adj3 colon$).tw.	2
88	or/86-87	143
89	or/42,60,66,72,84-85,88	465
90	and/9,16,89	10

EMBASE 1980 to 2008 Week 31
IC_disimpaction_maintain_pharm_surg_embase_050808

#	Searches	Results
1	exp NEWBORN/	177190
2	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	95506
3	exp CHILD/	613403
4	infan$.tw.	167533
5	(baby or babies).tw.	26884
6	child$.tw.	475616
7	exp CHILDHOOD/	15398
8	exp ADOLESCENCE/	25289
9	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	84310
10	or/1-9	1022482
11	CONSTIPATION/	25521
12	constipat$.ti.	2633
13	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	770
14	encopresis.tw.	343
15	FECES IMPACTION/	444
16	coprostasis.tw.	16
17	or/11-16	26508
18	LAXATIVE/	5314
19	laxative$.ti.	687
20	cathartic$.tw.	464
21	purgative$.tw.	234
22	laxantia$.tw.	3
23	PICOSULFATE SODIUM/	442
24	laxoberal.tw.	46
25	dulcolax.tw.	267
26	picolax.tw.	98
27	BISACODYL/	1259
28	SENNA EXTRACT/	440
29	manevac.tw.	1
30	senokot.tw.	130
31	GLYCEROL/	12053
32	glycerin$.tw.	1285
33	DANTRON/	321
34	(dantron or danthron).tw.	74
35	capsuvac.tw.	0
36	normax.tw.	5
37	codalax.tw.	0
38	danlax.tw.	0
39	codalaxforte.tw.	0
40	DOCUSATE SODIUM/	1361
41	dioctyl.tw.	342
42	docusol.tw.	2
43	norgalax.tw.	5
44	or/18-43	20890
45	MAGNESIUM SALT/	345
46	MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE/	1544
47	citramag.tw.	10
48	LACTULOSE/	3480
49	duphalac.tw.	191
50	lactugal.tw.	0
51	regulose.tw.	0
52	PHOSPHATE/	26157
53	carbalax.tw.	0
54	fleet.tw.	657
55	fletcher$.tw.	345
56	CITRIC ACID/	8821
57	sodium citrate$.tw.	1142
58	micolette.tw.	2
59	microlax.tw.	32
60	relaxit.tw.	3
61	or/45-60	41343
62	MACROGOL DERIVATIVE/	1051
63	macrogol$.tw.	198
64	idrolax.tw.	5
65	movicol.tw.	90
66	klean$.tw.	80
67	or/62-66	1389
68	((faecal or fecal) adj3 soft$).tw.	13
69	OIL/	5739
70	ARACHIS OIL/	763
71	MINERAL OIL/	1361
72	LIQUID PARAFFIN/	630
73	or/68-72	8357
74	ISPAGULA/	1426
75	psyllium.tw.	413
76	fibrelief.tw.	0
77	fybogel.tw.	54
78	isogel.tw.	12
79	ispagel.tw.	0
80	regulan.tw.	9
81	METHYLCELLULOSE/	2428
82	STERCULIA/	18
83	normacol.tw.	77
84	or/74-83	3793
85	manual evacuation.tw.	29
86	ace.tw.	20678
87	(antegrade adj3 colon$).tw.	102
88	or/86-87	20758
89	or/44,61,67,73,84-85,88	93550
90	and/10,17,89	538

CINAHL - Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature 1982 to August Week 1 2008
IC_disimpaction_maintain_pharm_surg_cinahl_050808

#	Searches	Results
1	exp CHILD/	168083
2	infan$.tw.	23700
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	9089
4	(baby or babies).tw.	8493
5	child$.tw.	96314
6	exp ADOLESCENCE/	105529
7	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	24230
8	or/1-7	253562
9	CONSTIPATION/	1482
10	constipat$.ti.	714
11	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	69
12	encopresis.tw.	62
13	FECES, IMPACTED/	71
14	coprostasis.tw.	0
15	or/9-14	1626
16	CATHARTICS/	655
17	laxative$.tw.	374
18	picoline$.tw.	0
19	sodium picosulphate$.tw.	5
20	laxoberal.tw.	0
21	dulcolax.tw.	4
22	picolax.tw.	4
23	bisacodyl.tw.	14
24	senna extract.tw.	0
25	manevac.tw.	0
26	senokot.tw.	0
27	GLYCERIN/	204
28	glycerol$.tw.	226
29	PHYTOCHEMICALS/	1872
30	(dantron or danthron).tw.	1
31	capsuvac.tw.	0
32	normax.tw.	0
33	codalax.tw.	0
34	danlax.tw.	0
35	codalaxforte.tw.	0
36	docusate sodium.tw.	9
37	dioctyl.tw.	1
38	docusol.tw.	0
39	norgalax.tw.	0
40	or/16-39	3027
41	MAGNESIUM/	824
42	magnesium.tw.	996
43	citramag.tw.	0
44	lactulose.tw.	90
45	DISACCHARIDES/	56
46	duphalac.tw.	0
47	lactugal.tw.	0
48	regulose.tw.	0
49	PHOSPHATES/	417
50	carbalax.tw.	0
51	fleet.tw.	76
52	fletcher$.tw.	132
53	exp CITRATES/	146
54	micolette.tw.	0
55	microlax.tw.	1
56	relaxit.tw.	0
57	or/41-56	2263
58	polyethylene glycol$.tw.	104
59	macrogol$.tw.	3
60	idrolax.tw.	0
61	movicol.tw.	1
62	klean$.tw.	2
63	or/58-62	109
64	((faecal or fecal) adj3 soft$).tw.	0
65	OILS/	196
66	PEANUT/	84
67	arachis.tw.	5
68	MINERAL OIL/	28
69	liquid paraffin.tw.	7
70	or/65-69	317
71	PSYLLIUM/	75
72	ispaghula.tw.	8
73	fibrelief.tw.	0
74	fybogel.tw.	2
75	isogel.tw.	0
76	ispagel.tw.	0
77	regulan.tw.	1
78	methylcellulose.tw.	20
79	celevac.tw.	0
80	sterculia.tw.	2
81	normacol.tw.	0
82	or/71-81	103
83	manual evacuation.tw.	12
84	ace.tw.	1256
85	(antegrade adj3 colon$).tw.	2
86	or/84-85	1258
87	or/40,57,63,70,82-83,86	6932
88	and/8,15,87	106

Cinahl Ebsco
IC_disimpaction_maintain_pharm_surg_cinahl_050808_8

#	Query	Limiters/Expanders	Last Run Via	Results
S105	S8 and S31 and S104	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S104	S56 or S73 or S79 or S87 or S98 or S103	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S103	S99 or S100 or S101 or S102	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S102	AB (antegrade N3 colon*)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S101	TI (antegrade N3 colon*)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S100	TI (ace) or AB (ace)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S99	TI (manual evacuation) or AB (manual evacuation)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S98	S88 or S89 or S90 or S91 or S92 or S93 or S94 or S95 or S96 or S97	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S97	TI (normacol) or AB (normacol)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S96	TI (celevac) or AB (celevac)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S95	TI (methycellulose) or AB (methycellulose)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S94	TI (regulan) or AB (regulan)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S93	TI (ispagel) or AB (ispagel)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S92	TI (isogel) or AB (isogel)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S91	TI (fybogel) or AB (fybogel)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S90	TI (fibrelief) or AB (fibrelief)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S89	TI (ispaghula) or AB (ispaghula)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S88	MH PSYLLIUM	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S87	S80 or S81 or S82 or S83 or S84 or S85 or S86	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S86	TI (liquid paraffin) or AB (liquid paraffin)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S85	MH MINERAL OIL	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S84	TI (arachis) or AB (arachis)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S83	MH PEANUT	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S82	MH OILS	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S81	AB (faecal N3 soft) or AB (fecal N3 soft)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S80	TI (faecal N3 soft) or TI (fecal N3 soft)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S79	S74 or S75 or S76 or S77 or S78	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S78	TI (klean) or AB (klean)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S77	TI (movicol) or AB (movicol)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S76	TI (idrolax) or AB (idrolax)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S75	TI (macrogol) or AB (macrogol)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S74	TI (polyethylene glycol) or AB (polyethylene glycol)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S73	S57 or S58 or S59 or S60 or S61 or S62 or S63 or S64 or S65 or S66 or S67 or S68 or S69 or S70 or S71 or S72	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S72	TI (relaxit) or AB (relaxit)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S71	TI (microlax) or AB (microlax)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S70	TI (microlette) or AB (microlette)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S69	MH CITRATES+	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S68	TI (fletcher) or AB (fletcher)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S67	TI (fleet) or AB (fleet)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S66	TI (carbalax) or AB (carbalax)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S65	MH PHOSPHATES	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S64	TI (regulose) or AB (regulose)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S63	TI (lactugal) or AB (lactugal)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S62	TI (duphalac) or AB (duphalac)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S61	MH DISACCHARIDES	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S60	TI (lactulose) or AB (lactulose)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S59	TI (citramag) or AB (citramag)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S58	TI (magnesium) or AB (magnesium)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S57	MH MAGNESIUM	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S56	S32 or S33 or S34 or S35 or S36 or S37 or S38 or S39 or S40 or S41 or S42 or S43 or S44 or S45 or S46 or S47 or S48 or S49 or S50 or S51 or S52 or S53 or S54 or S55	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S55	TI (norgalax) or AB (norgalax)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S54	TI (docusol) or AB (docusol)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S53	TI (dioctyl) or AB (dioctyl)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S52	TI (docusate sodium) or AB (docusate sodium)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S51	TI (codalaxforte) or AB (codalaxforte)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S50	TI (danlax) or AB (danlax)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S49	TI (codalax) or AB (codalax)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S48	TI (normax) or AB (normax)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S47	TI (capsuvac) or AB (capsuvac)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S46	TI (dantron or danthron) or AB (dantron or danthron)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S45	MH PHYTOCHEMICALS	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S44	TI (glycerol) or AB (glycerol)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S43	MH GLYCERIN	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S42	TI (senokot) or AB (senokot)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S41	TI (manevac) or AB (manevac)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S40	TI (senna extract) or AB (senna extract)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S39	TI (bisacodyl) or AB (bisacodyl)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S38	TI (picolax) or AB (picolax)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S37	TI (dulcolax) or AB (dulcolax)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S36	TI (laxoberal) or AB (laxoberal)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S35	TI (sodium picosulphate) or AB (sodium picosulphate)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S34	TI (picoline) or AB (picoline)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S33	TI (laxative) or AB (laxative)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S32	MH CATHARTICS	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S31	S27 or S28 or S29 or S30	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S30	TI (coprostasis) or AB (coprostasis)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S29	MH FECES, IMPACTED	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S28	TI (encopresis) or AB (encopresis)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S27	S9 or S10 or S11 or S12 or S13 or S14 or S15 or S16 or S17 or S18 or S19 or S20 or S21 or S22 or S23 or S24 or S25 or S26	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S26	infrequent* N3 feces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S25	infrequent* N3 faeces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S24	infrequent* N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S23	infrequent N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S22	irregular N3 feces*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S21	irregular N3 faeces*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S20	irregular N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S19	irregular N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S18	delay* N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S17	delay* N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S16	delay* N3 faeces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S15	delay* N3 feces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S14	difficult* N3 feces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S13	difficult* N3 faeces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S12	difficult* N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S11	difficult* N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S10	TI constipat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S9	MH CONSTIPATION	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S8	S1 or S2 or S3 or S4 or S5 or S6 or S7	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S7	adolescen* or teenage*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S6	MH ADOLESCENCE+	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S5	child*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S4	baby or babies	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S3	newborn* OR neonate*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S2	infant*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S1	MH CHILD+	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to September Week 3 2008
IC_disimpaction_maintain_pharm_surg_economic_medline_260908

#	Searches	Results
1	costs.tw.	77470
2	cost effective$.tw.	44545
3	economic.tw.	66685
4	or/1-3	163873
5	(metabolic adj cost).tw.	486
6	((energy or oxygen) adj cost).tw.	2052
7	4 not (5 or 6)	163640
8	exp INFANT/	799331
9	infan$.tw.	254988
10	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	138853
11	(baby or babies).tw.	37856
12	exp CHILD/	1287949
13	child$.tw.	717967
14	ADOLESCENT/	1291921
15	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	112687
16	or/8-15	2547542
17	CONSTIPATION/	8082
18	constipat$.ti.	3359
19	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	828
20	ENCOPRESIS/	557
21	FECAL IMPACTION/	747
22	coprostasis.tw.	24
23	or/17-22	9753
24	LAXATIVES/	79
25	laxative$.ti.	979
26	CATHARTICS/	3949
27	PICOLINES/	1042
28	sodium picosulphate$.tw.	38
29	laxoberal.tw.	4
30	dulcolax.tw.	59
31	picolax.tw.	41
32	BISACODYL/	270
33	SENNA EXTRACT/	309
34	manevac.tw.	0
35	senokot.tw.	17
36	GLYCEROL/	18193
37	glycerin$.tw.	2258
38	ANTHRAQUINONES/	4009
39	(dantron or danthron).tw.	72
40	capsuvac.tw.	0
41	normax.tw.	0
42	codalax.tw.	0
43	danlax.tw.	0
44	codalaxforte.tw.	0
45	DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINIC ACID/	384
46	dioctyl.tw.	341
47	docusol.tw.	0
48	norgalax.tw.	1
49	or/24-48	29055
50	MAGNESIUM/	57617
51	magnesium.tw.	33556
52	citramag.tw.	4
53	LACTULOSE/	1444
54	DISACCHARIDES/	6721
55	duphalac.tw.	21
56	lactugal.tw.	0
57	regulose.tw.	0
58	PHOSPHATES/	47128
59	carbalax.tw.	0
60	fleet.tw.	598
61	fletcher$.tw.	550
62	CITRATES/	13508
63	sodium citrate$.tw.	1600
64	micolette.tw.	0
65	microlax.tw.	8
66	relaxit.tw.	7
67	or/50-66	137491
68	POLYETHYLENE GLYCOLS/	23918
69	macrogol$.tw.	138
70	idrolax.tw.	0
71	movicol.tw.	8
72	klean$.tw.	24
73	or/68-72	24030
74	((faecal or fecal) adj3 soft$).tw.	21
75	OILS/	8199
76	arachis.tw.	1045
77	MINERAL OIL/	1401
78	liquid paraffin.tw.	365
79	or/74-78	10860
80	PSYLLIUM/	468
81	ispaghula.tw.	108
82	fibrelief.tw.	0
83	fybogel.tw.	10
84	isogel.tw.	7
85	ispagel.tw.	0
86	regulan.tw.	1
87	METHYLCELLULOSE/	3227
88	celevac.tw.	2
89	STERCULIA/	14
90	normacol.tw.	8
91	or/80-90	3773
92	manual evacuation.tw.	39
93	(ace or mace or malone).tw.	21525
94	(antegrade adj3 colon$).tw.	104
95	or/93-94	21589
96	or/49,67,73,79,91-92,95	222894
97	and/7,16,23,96	3
98	limit 97 to humans	3

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 3rd Quarter 2008
IC_disimpaction_maintain_pharm_surg_economic_cctr_260908

#	Searches	Results
1	costs.tw.	5410
2	cost effective$.tw.	4135
3	economic.tw.	2275
4	or/1-3	8908
5	(metabolic adj cost).tw.	38
6	((energy or oxygen) adj cost).tw.	178
7	4 not (5 or 6)	8898
8	exp INFANT/	17523
9	infan$.tw.	11965
10	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	4189
11	(baby or babies).tw.	1648
12	exp CHILD/	38980
13	child$.tw.	32759
14	ADOLESCENT/	54880
15	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	4820
16	or/8-15	95485
17	CONSTIPATION/	518
18	constipat$.ti.	405
19	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	146
20	ENCOPRESIS/	23
21	FECAL IMPACTION/	7
22	coprostasis.tw.	0
23	or/17-22	796
24	LAXATIVES/	3
25	laxative$.ti.	121
26	CATHARTICS/	382
27	PICOLINES/	50
28	sodium picosulphate$.tw.	17
29	laxoberal.tw.	1
30	dulcolax.tw.	20
31	picolax.tw.	30
32	BISACODYL/	73
33	SENNA EXTRACT/	46
34	manevac.tw.	0
35	senokot.tw.	6
36	GLYCEROL/	475
37	glycerin$.tw.	109
38	ANTHRAQUINONES/	73
39	(dantron or danthron).tw.	1
40	capsuvac.tw.	0
41	normax.tw.	0
42	codalax.tw.	0
43	danlax.tw.	0
44	codalaxforte.tw.	0
45	DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINIC ACID/	13
46	dioctyl.tw.	9
47	docusol.tw.	0
48	norgalax.tw.	0
49	or/24-48	1104
50	MAGNESIUM/	867
51	magnesium.tw.	2258
52	citramag.tw.	3
53	LACTULOSE/	231
54	DISACCHARIDES/	92
55	duphalac.tw.	7
56	lactugal.tw.	0
57	regulose.tw.	0
58	PHOSPHATES/	809
59	carbalax.tw.	0
60	fleet.tw.	39
61	fletcher$.tw.	10
62	CITRATES/	392
63	sodium citrate$.tw.	131
64	micolette.tw.	0
65	microlax.tw.	1
66	relaxit.tw.	1
67	or/50-66	3922
68	POLYETHYLENE GLYCOLS/	790
69	macrogol$.tw.	8
70	idrolax.tw.	0
71	movicol.tw.	3
72	klean$.tw.	8
73	or/68-72	803
74	((faecal or fecal) adj3 soft$).tw.	0
75	OILS/	90
76	arachis.tw.	14
77	MINERAL OIL/	30
78	liquid paraffin.tw.	16
79	or/74-78	143
80	PSYLLIUM/	104
81	ispaghula.tw.	47
82	fibrelief.tw.	0
83	fybogel.tw.	8
84	isogel.tw.	0
85	ispagel.tw.	0
86	regulan.tw.	1
87	METHYLCELLULOSE/	107
88	celevac.tw.	1
89	STERCULIA/	7
90	normacol.tw.	1
91	or/80-90	246
92	manual evacuation.tw.	0
93	(ace or mace or malone).tw.	2813
94	(antegrade adj3 colon$).tw.	1
95	or/93-94	2814
96	or/49,67,73,79,91-92,95	8637
97	and/7,16,23,96	0

EBM Reviews - Health Technology Assessment 3rd Quarter 2008
IC_disimpaction_maintain_pharm_surg_economic_hta_260908

#	Searches	Results
1	costs.tw.	1155
2	cost effective$.tw.	915
3	economic.tw.	682
4	or/1-3	1657
5	(metabolic adj cost).tw.	0
6	((energy or oxygen) adj cost).tw.	0
7	4 not (5 or 6)	1657
8	exp INFANT/	103
9	infan$.tw.	133
10	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	99
11	(baby or babies).tw.	22
12	exp CHILD/	226
13	child$.tw.	397
14	ADOLESCENT/	44
15	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	74
16	or/8-15	521
17	CONSTIPATION/	12
18	constipat$.ti.	4
19	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	0
20	ENCOPRESIS/	1
21	FECAL IMPACTION/	0
22	coprostasis.tw.	0
23	or/17-22	12
24	LAXATIVES/	2
25	laxative$.ti.	4
26	CATHARTICS/	2
27	PICOLINES/	0
28	sodium picosulphate$.tw.	0
29	laxoberal.tw.	0
30	dulcolax.tw.	0
31	picolax.tw.	0
32	BISACODYL/	0
33	SENNA EXTRACT/	0
34	manevac.tw.	0
35	senokot.tw.	0
36	GLYCEROL/	0
37	glycerin$.tw.	0
38	ANTHRAQUINONES/	0
39	(dantron or danthron).tw.	0
40	capsuvac.tw.	0
41	normax.tw.	0
42	codalax.tw.	0
43	danlax.tw.	0
44	codalaxforte.tw.	0
45	DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINIC ACID/	0
46	dioctyl.tw.	0
47	docusol.tw.	0
48	norgalax.tw.	0
49	or/24-48	4
50	MAGNESIUM/	1
51	magnesium.tw.	4
52	citramag.tw.	0
53	LACTULOSE/	0
54	DISACCHARIDES/	0
55	duphalac.tw.	0
56	lactugal.tw.	0
57	regulose.tw.	0
58	PHOSPHATES/	0
59	carbalax.tw.	0
60	fleet.tw.	0
61	fletcher$.tw.	0
62	CITRATES/	0
63	sodium citrate$.tw.	0
64	micolette.tw.	0
65	microlax.tw.	0
66	relaxit.tw.	0
67	or/50-66	4
68	POLYETHYLENE GLYCOLS/	1
69	macrogol$.tw.	0
70	idrolax.tw.	0
71	movicol.tw.	0
72	klean$.tw.	0
73	or/68-72	1
74	((faecal or fecal) adj3 soft$).tw.	0
75	OILS/	0
76	arachis.tw.	0
77	MINERAL OIL/	0
78	liquid paraffin.tw.	0
79	or/74-78	0
80	PSYLLIUM/	0
81	ispaghula.tw.	0
82	fibrelief.tw.	0
83	fybogel.tw.	0
84	isogel.tw.	0
85	ispagel.tw.	0
86	regulan.tw.	0
87	METHYLCELLULOSE/	0
88	celevac.tw.	0
89	STERCULIA/	0
90	normacol.tw.	0
91	or/80-90	0
92	manual evacuation.tw.	0
93	(ace or mace or malone).tw.	11
94	(antegrade adj3 colon$).tw.	0
95	or/93-94	11
96	or/49,67,73,79,91-92,95	20
97	and/7,16,23,96	0

EBM Reviews - NHS Economic Evaluation Database 3rd Quarter 2008
IC_disimpaction_maintain_pharm_surg_economic_NHSEED_260908

#	Searches	Results
1	costs.tw.	17348
2	cost effective$.tw.	8488
3	economic.tw.	23373
4	or/1-3	23646
5	(metabolic adj cost).tw.	0
6	((energy or oxygen) adj cost).tw.	0
7	4 not (5 or 6)	23646
8	exp INFANT/	1556
9	infan$.tw.	1649
10	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	925
11	(baby or babies).tw.	123
12	exp CHILD/	2231
13	child$.tw.	2695
14	ADOLESCENT/	2699
15	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	2739
16	or/8-15	4606
17	CONSTIPATION/	17
18	constipat$.ti.	12
19	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	0
20	ENCOPRESIS/	0
21	FECAL IMPACTION/	0
22	coprostasis.tw.	0
23	or/17-22	17
24	LAXATIVES/	12
25	laxative$.ti.	1
26	CATHARTICS/	12
27	PICOLINES/	1
28	sodium picosulphate$.tw.	1
29	laxoberal.tw.	0
30	dulcolax.tw.	1
31	picolax.tw.	0
32	BISACODYL/	3
33	SENNA EXTRACT/	1
34	manevac.tw.	0
35	senokot.tw.	0
36	GLYCEROL/	3
37	glycerin$.tw.	3
38	ANTHRAQUINONES/	2
39	(dantron or danthron).tw.	0
40	capsuvac.tw.	0
41	normax.tw.	0
42	codalax.tw.	0
43	danlax.tw.	0
44	codalaxforte.tw.	0
45	DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINIC ACID/	0
46	dioctyl.tw.	0
47	docusol.tw.	0
48	norgalax.tw.	0
49	or/24-48	20
50	MAGNESIUM/	3
51	magnesium.tw.	12
52	citramag.tw.	0
53	LACTULOSE/	6
54	DISACCHARIDES/	0
55	duphalac.tw.	0
56	lactugal.tw.	0
57	regulose.tw.	0
58	PHOSPHATES/	8
59	carbalax.tw.	0
60	fleet.tw.	6
61	fletcher$.tw.	2
62	CITRATES/	4
63	sodium citrate$.tw.	2
64	micolette.tw.	0
65	microlax.tw.	0
66	relaxit.tw.	0
67	or/50-66	35
68	POLYETHYLENE GLYCOLS/	43
69	macrogol$.tw.	2
70	idrolax.tw.	0
71	movicol.tw.	0
72	klean$.tw.	0
73	or/68-72	43
74	((faecal or fecal) adj3 soft$).tw.	0
75	OILS/	0
76	arachis.tw.	0
77	MINERAL OIL/	0
78	liquid paraffin.tw.	0
79	or/74-78	0
80	PSYLLIUM/	0
81	ispaghula.tw.	0
82	fibrelief.tw.	0
83	fybogel.tw.	0
84	isogel.tw.	0
85	ispagel.tw.	0
86	regulan.tw.	0
87	METHYLCELLULOSE/	0
88	celevac.tw.	0
89	STERCULIA/	0
90	normacol.tw.	0
91	or/80-90	0
92	manual evacuation.tw.	1
93	(ace or mace or malone).tw.	112
94	(antegrade adj3 colon$).tw.	0
95	or/93-94	112
96	or/49,67,73,79,91-92,95	198
97	and/7,16,23,96	0

EMBASE 1980 to 2008 Week 38
IC_disimpaction_maintain_pharm_surg_economic_embase_260908

#	Searches	Results
1	costs.tw.	63791
2	cost effective$.tw.	40544
3	economic.tw.	52773
4	or/1-3	133197
5	(metabolic adj cost).tw.	375
6	((energy or oxygen) adj cost).tw.	1672
7	4 not (5 or 6)	133023
8	exp NEWBORN/	178058
9	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	96129
10	exp CHILD/	617693
11	infan$.tw.	168613
12	(baby or babies).tw.	27102
13	child$.tw.	479594
14	exp CHILDHOOD/	15479
15	exp ADOLESCENCE/	25477
16	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	85263
17	or/8-16	1030016
18	CONSTIPATION/	25920
19	constipat$.ti.	2651
20	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	775
21	encopresis.tw.	343
22	FECES IMPACTION/	450
23	coprostasis.tw.	17
24	or/18-23	26913
25	LAXATIVE/	5364
26	laxative$.ti.	687
27	cathartic$.tw.	466
28	purgative$.tw.	236
29	laxantia$.tw.	3
30	PICOSULFATE SODIUM/	444
31	laxoberal.tw.	46
32	dulcolax.tw.	269
33	picolax.tw.	98
34	BISACODYL/	1273
35	SENNA EXTRACT/	445
36	manevac.tw.	1
37	senokot.tw.	130
38	GLYCEROL/	12157
39	glycerin$.tw.	1296
40	DANTRON/	322
41	(dantron or danthron).tw.	74
42	capsuvac.tw.	0
43	normax.tw.	5
44	codalax.tw.	0
45	danlax.tw.	0
46	codalaxforte.tw.	0
47	DOCUSATE SODIUM/	1371
48	dioctyl.tw.	344
49	docusol.tw.	2
50	norgalax.tw.	5
51	or/25-50	21072
52	MAGNESIUM SALT/	347
53	MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE/	1550
54	citramag.tw.	10
55	LACTULOSE/	3508
56	duphalac.tw.	191
57	lactugal.tw.	0
58	regulose.tw.	0
59	PHOSPHATE/	26338
60	carbalax.tw.	0
61	fleet.tw.	660
62	fletcher$.tw.	347
63	CITRIC ACID/	8907
64	sodium citrate$.tw.	1148
65	micolette.tw.	2
66	microlax.tw.	32
67	relaxit.tw.	3
68	or/52-67	41649
69	MACROGOL DERIVATIVE/	1056
70	macrogol$.tw.	200
71	idrolax.tw.	5
72	movicol.tw.	90
73	klean$.tw.	80
74	or/69-73	1396
75	((faecal or fecal) adj3 soft$).tw.	14
76	OIL/	5795
77	ARACHIS OIL/	771
78	MINERAL OIL/	1374
79	LIQUID PARAFFIN/	634
80	or/75-79	8439
81	ISPAGULA/	1441
82	psyllium.tw.	415
83	fibrelief.tw.	0
84	fybogel.tw.	54
85	isogel.tw.	12
86	ispagel.tw.	0
87	regulan.tw.	9
88	METHYLCELLULOSE/	2444
89	STERCULIA/	19
90	normacol.tw.	77
91	or/81-90	3821
92	manual evacuation.tw.	29
93	(ace or mace or malone).tw.	21912
94	(antegrade adj3 colon$).tw.	104
95	or/93-94	21976
96	or/51,68,74,80,91-92,95	95333
97	and/7,17,24,96

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to August Week 2 2008
IC_adv_longterm_laxatives_medline_260808

#	Searches	Results
1	exp INFANT/	796371
2	infan$.tw.	253859
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	138238
4	(baby or babies).tw.	37626
5	exp CHILD/	1282776
6	child$.tw.	714234
7	ADOLESCENT/	1286081
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	111802
9	or/1-8	2536648
10	CONSTIPATION/	8043
11	constipat$.ti.	3345
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	824
13	ENCOPRESIS/	557
14	FECAL IMPACTION/	739
15	coprostasis.tw.	23
16	or/10-15	9706
17	LAXATIVES/	68
18	laxative$.ti.	977
19	CATHARTICS/	3935
20	PICOLINES/	1037
21	sodium picosulphate$.tw.	38
22	laxoberal.tw.	4
23	dulcolax.tw.	59
24	picolax.tw.	41
25	BISACODYL/	269
26	SENNA EXTRACT/	309
27	manevac.tw.	0
28	senokot.tw.	17
29	GLYCEROL/	18136
30	glycerin$.tw.	2249
31	ANTHRAQUINONES/	3973
32	(dantron or danthron).tw.	72
33	capsuvac.tw.	0
34	normax.tw.	0
35	codalax.tw.	0
36	danlax.tw.	0
37	codalaxforte.tw.	0
38	DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINIC ACID/	382
39	dioctyl.tw.	340
40	docusol.tw.	0
41	norgalax.tw.	1
42	or/17-41	28924
43	MAGNESIUM/	57463
44	magnesium.tw.	33409
45	citramag.tw.	4
46	LACTULOSE/	1438
47	DISACCHARIDES/	6684
48	duphalac.tw.	21
49	lactugal.tw.	0
50	regulose.tw.	0
51	PHOSPHATES/	46947
52	carbalax.tw.	0
53	fleet.tw.	596
54	fletcher$.tw.	547
55	CITRATES/	13473
56	sodium citrate$.tw.	1589
57	micolette.tw.	0
58	microlax.tw.	8
59	relaxit.tw.	7
60	or/43-59	136989
61	POLYETHYLENE GLYCOLS/	23628
62	macrogol$.tw.	135
63	idrolax.tw.	0
64	movicol.tw.	8
65	klean$.tw.	24
66	or/61-65	23738
67	((faecal or fecal) adj3 soft$).tw.	21
68	OILS/	8163
69	arachis.tw.	1035
70	MINERAL OIL/	1390
71	liquid paraffin.tw.	365
72	or/67-71	10803
73	PSYLLIUM/	467
74	ispaghula.tw.	108
75	fibrelief.tw.	0
76	fybogel.tw.	10
77	isogel.tw.	7
78	ispagel.tw.	0
79	regulan.tw.	1
80	METHYLCELLULOSE/	3198
81	celevac.tw.	2
82	STERCULIA/	14
83	normacol.tw.	8
84	or/73-83	3743
85	or/42,60,66,72,84	200440
86	((adverse or side) adj1 effect$).tw.	182500
87	harm$.tw.	50569
88	risk$.ti.	173623
89	long term.tw.	347380
90	safe$.tw.	290782
91	or/86-90	953446
92	and/9,16,85,91	86
93	limit 92 to humans	86
94	from 93 keep 1-86	86

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 3rd Quarter 2008
IC_adv_longterm_laxatives_CCTR_260808

#	Searches	Results
1	exp INFANT/	17523
2	infan$.tw.	11965
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	4189
4	(baby or babies).tw.	1648
5	exp CHILD/	38980
6	child$.tw.	32759
7	ADOLESCENT/	54880
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	4820
9	or/1-8	95485
10	CONSTIPATION/	518
11	constipat$.ti.	405
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	146
13	ENCOPRESIS/	23
14	FECAL IMPACTION/	7
15	coprostasis.tw.	0
16	or/10-15	796
17	LAXATIVES/	3
18	laxative$.ti.	121
19	CATHARTICS/	382
20	PICOLINES/	50
21	sodium picosulphate$.tw.	17
22	laxoberal.tw.	1
23	dulcolax.tw.	20
24	picolax.tw.	30
25	BISACODYL/	73
26	SENNA EXTRACT/	46
27	manevac.tw.	0
28	senokot.tw.	6
29	GLYCEROL/	475
30	glycerin$.tw.	109
31	ANTHRAQUINONES/	73
32	(dantron or danthron).tw.	1
33	capsuvac.tw.	0
34	normax.tw.	0
35	codalax.tw.	0
36	danlax.tw.	0
37	codalaxforte.tw.	0
38	DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINIC ACID/	13
39	dioctyl.tw.	9
40	docusol.tw.	0
41	norgalax.tw.	0
42	or/17-41	1104
43	MAGNESIUM/	867
44	magnesium.tw.	2258
45	citramag.tw.	3
46	LACTULOSE/	231
47	DISACCHARIDES/	92
48	duphalac.tw.	7
49	lactugal.tw.	0
50	regulose.tw.	0
51	PHOSPHATES/	809
52	carbalax.tw.	0
53	fleet.tw.	39
54	fletcher$.tw.	10
55	CITRATES/	392
56	sodium citrate$.tw.	131
57	micolette.tw.	0
58	microlax.tw.	1
59	relaxit.tw.	1
60	or/43-59	3922
61	POLYETHYLENE GLYCOLS/	790
62	macrogol$.tw.	8
63	idrolax.tw.	0
64	movicol.tw.	3
65	klean$.tw.	8
66	or/61-65	803
67	((faecal or fecal) adj3 soft$).tw.	0
68	OILS/	90
69	arachis.tw.	14
70	MINERAL OIL/	30
71	liquid paraffin.tw.	16
72	or/67-71	143
73	PSYLLIUM/	104
74	ispaghula.tw.	47
75	fibrelief.tw.	0
76	fybogel.tw.	8
77	isogel.tw.	0
78	ispagel.tw.	0
79	regulan.tw.	1
80	METHYLCELLULOSE/	107
81	celevac.tw.	1
82	STERCULIA/	7
83	normacol.tw.	1
84	or/73-83	246
85	or/42,60,66,72,84	5840
86	((adverse or side) adj1 effect$).tw.	38109
87	harm$.tw.	1575
88	risk$.ti.	8765
89	long term.tw.	25180
90	safe$.tw.	43543
91	or/86-90	101325
92	and/9,16,85,91	27

DARE, CDSR
IC_adv_longterm_laxatives_CDSRDARE_260808

#	Searches	Results
1	INFANT.kw.	809
2	infan$.tw.	1497
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	946
4	(baby or babies).tw.	747
5	CHILD.kw.	1164
6	child$.tw.	3818
7	ADOLESCENT.kw.	751
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	1325
9	or/1-8	4493
10	CONSTIPATION.kw.	26
11	constipat$.ti.	20
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	52
13	ENCOPRESIS.kw.	6
14	FECAL IMPACTION.kw.	1
15	coprostasis.tw.	0
16	or/10-15	72
17	LAXATIVES.kw.	0
18	laxative$.ti.	3
19	CATHARTICS.kw.	11
20	PICOLINES.kw.	1
21	sodium picosulphate$.tw.	3
22	laxoberal.tw.	1
23	dulcolax.tw.	0
24	picolax.tw.	2
25	BISACODYL.kw.	1
26	SENNA EXTRACT.kw.	0
27	manevac.tw.	1
28	senokot.tw.	2
29	GLYCEROL.kw.	3
30	glycerin$.tw.	23
31	ANTHRAQUINONES.kw.	2
32	(dantron or danthron).tw.	1
33	capsuvac.tw.	1
34	normax.tw.	1
35	codalax.tw.	0
36	danlax.tw.	0
37	codalaxforte.tw.	0
38	DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINIC ACID.kw.	1
39	dioctyl.tw.	7
40	docusol.tw.	1
41	norgalax.tw.	1
42	or/17-41	41
43	MAGNESIUM.kw.	43
44	magnesium.tw.	193
45	citramag.tw.	1
46	LACTULOSE.kw.	2
47	DISACCHARIDES.kw.	1
48	duphalac.tw.	1
49	lactugal.tw.	0
50	regulose.tw.	1
51	PHOSPHATES.kw.	9
52	carbalax.tw.	0
53	fleet.tw.	4
54	fletcher$.tw.	39
55	CITRATES.kw.	2
56	sodium citrate$.tw.	4
57	micolette.tw.	1
58	microlax.tw.	0
59	relaxit.tw.	1
60	or/43-59	245
61	POLYETHYLENE GLYCOLS.kw.	10
62	macrogol$.tw.	2
63	idrolax.tw.	2
64	movicol.tw.	2
65	klean$.tw.	1
66	or/61-65	12
67	((faecal or fecal) adj3 soft$).tw.	4
68	OILS.kw.	33
69	arachis.tw.	4
70	MINERAL OIL.kw.	0
71	liquid paraffin.tw.	8
72	or/67-71	45
73	PSYLLIUM.kw.	2
74	ispaghula.tw.	8
75	fibrelief.tw.	0
76	fybogel.tw.	2
77	isogel.tw.	1
78	ispagel.tw.	1
79	regulan.tw.	2
80	METHYLCELLULOSE.kw.	0
81	celevac.tw.	2
82	STERCULIA.kw.	0
83	normacol.tw.	1
84	or/73-83	12
85	or/42,60,66,72,84	329
86	((adverse or side) adj1 effect$).tw.	5873
87	harm$.tw.	2138
88	risk$.ti.	361
89	long term.tw.	3744
90	safe$.tw.	3413
91	or/86-90	8337
92	and/9,16,85,91	8

EMBASE 1980 to 2008 Week 34
IC_adv_longterm_laxatives_embase_260808

#	Searches	Results
1	exp NEWBORN/	177525
2	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	95758
3	exp CHILD/	615165
4	infan$.tw.	167972
5	(baby or babies).tw.	26963
6	child$.tw.	477203
7	exp CHILDHOOD/	15436
8	exp ADOLESCENCE/	25376
9	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	84741
10	or/1-9	1025554
11	CONSTIPATION/	25708
12	constipat$.ti.	2637
13	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	770
14	encopresis.tw.	343
15	FECES IMPACTION/	448
16	coprostasis.tw.	17
17	or/11-16	26698
18	LAXATIVE/	5340
19	laxative$.ti.	687
20	cathartic$.tw.	464
21	purgative$.tw.	236
22	laxantia$.tw.	3
23	PICOSULFATE SODIUM/	444
24	laxoberal.tw.	46
25	dulcolax.tw.	268
26	picolax.tw.	98
27	BISACODYL/	1269
28	SENNA EXTRACT/	445
29	manevac.tw.	1
30	senokot.tw.	130
31	GLYCEROL/	12095
32	glycerin$.tw.	1289
33	DANTRON/	321
34	(dantron or danthron).tw.	74
35	capsuvac.tw.	0
36	normax.tw.	5
37	codalax.tw.	0
38	danlax.tw.	0
39	codalaxforte.tw.	0
40	DOCUSATE SODIUM/	1367
41	dioctyl.tw.	343
42	docusol.tw.	2
43	norgalax.tw.	5
44	or/18-43	20980
45	MAGNESIUM SALT/	346
46	MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE/	1546
47	citramag.tw.	10
48	LACTULOSE/	3494
49	duphalac.tw.	191
50	lactugal.tw.	0
51	regulose.tw.	0
52	PHOSPHATE/	26236
53	carbalax.tw.	0
54	fleet.tw.	659
55	fletcher$.tw.	345
56	CITRIC ACID/	8864
57	sodium citrate$.tw.	1144
58	micolette.tw.	2
59	microlax.tw.	32
60	relaxit.tw.	3
61	or/45-60	41483
62	MACROGOL DERIVATIVE/	1054
63	macrogol$.tw.	198
64	idrolax.tw.	5
65	movicol.tw.	90
66	klean$.tw.	80
67	or/62-66	1392
68	((faecal or fecal) adj3 soft$).tw.	13
69	OIL/	5763
70	ARACHIS OIL/	764
71	MINERAL OIL/	1367
72	LIQUID PARAFFIN/	634
73	or/68-72	8392
74	ISPAGULA/	1432
75	psyllium.tw.	414
76	fibrelief.tw.	0
77	fybogel.tw.	54
78	isogel.tw.	12
79	ispagel.tw.	0
80	regulan.tw.	9
81	METHYLCELLULOSE/	2432
82	STERCULIA/	19
83	normacol.tw.	77
84	or/74-83	3802
85	or/44,61,67,73,84	73139
86	SIDE EFFECT/	85940
87	exp ADVERSE DRUG REACTION/	190993
88	((adverse or side) adj1 effect$).tw.	173282
89	harm$.tw.	43187
90	risk$.ti.	145763
91	long term.tw.	302047
92	safe$.tw.	263231
93	or/86-92	1021097
94	and/10,17,85,93	159
95	limit 94 to (human and english language)	140

CINAHL - Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature 1982 to August Week 4 2008
IC_adv_longterm_laxatives_cinahl_260808

#	Searches	Results
1	exp CHILD/	176706
2	infan$.tw.	25238
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	9722
4	(baby or babies).tw.	8884
5	child$.tw.	102351
6	exp ADOLESCENCE/	111124
7	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	25596
8	or/1-7	266681
9	CONSTIPATION/	1561
10	constipat$.ti.	751
11	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	74
12	encopresis.tw.	68
13	FECES, IMPACTED/	73
14	coprostasis.tw.	0
15	or/9-14	1711
16	CATHARTICS/	687
17	laxative$.tw.	394
18	picoline$.tw.	0
19	sodium picosulphate$.tw.	5
20	laxoberal.tw.	0
21	dulcolax.tw.	4
22	picolax.tw.	4
23	bisacodyl.tw.	15
24	senna extract.tw.	0
25	manevac.tw.	0
26	senokot.tw.	0
27	GLYCERIN/	211
28	glycerol$.tw.	242
29	PHYTOCHEMICALS/	1963
30	(dantron or danthron).tw.	2
31	capsuvac.tw.	0
32	normax.tw.	0
33	codalax.tw.	0
34	danlax.tw.	0
35	codalaxforte.tw.	0
36	docusate sodium.tw.	9
37	dioctyl.tw.	1
38	docusol.tw.	0
39	norgalax.tw.	0
40	or/16-39	3179
41	MAGNESIUM/	884
42	magnesium.tw.	1079
43	citramag.tw.	0
44	lactulose.tw.	102
45	DISACCHARIDES/	63
46	duphalac.tw.	0
47	lactugal.tw.	0
48	regulose.tw.	0
49	PHOSPHATES/	445
50	carbalax.tw.	0
51	fleet.tw.	76
52	fletcher$.tw.	135
53	exp CITRATES/	153
54	micolette.tw.	0
55	microlax.tw.	1
56	relaxit.tw.	0
57	or/41-56	2430
58	polyethylene glycol$.tw.	110
59	macrogol$.tw.	3
60	idrolax.tw.	0
61	movicol.tw.	1
62	klean$.tw.	3
63	or/58-62	116
64	((faecal or fecal) adj3 soft$).tw.	0
65	OILS/	208
66	PEANUT/	87
67	arachis.tw.	5
68	MINERAL OIL/	28
69	liquid paraffin.tw.	8
70	or/65-69	333
71	PSYLLIUM/	80
72	ispaghula.tw.	9
73	fibrelief.tw.	0
74	fybogel.tw.	2
75	isogel.tw.	0
76	ispagel.tw.	0
77	regulan.tw.	1
78	methylcellulose.tw.	21
79	celevac.tw.	0
80	sterculia.tw.	2
81	normacol.tw.	0
82	or/71-81	110
83	or/40,57,63,70,82	6015
84	exp DRUG TOXICITY/	3903
85	((adverse or side) adj1 effect$).tw.	14308
86	harm$.tw.	8643
87	risk$.ti.	41631
88	long term.tw.	32422
89	safe$.tw.	48998
90	or/84-89	138322
91	and/8,15,83,90	21

Cinahl Ebsco
IC_adv_longterm_laxatives_cinahl_260808_C

#	Query	Limiters/Expanders	Last Run Via	Results
S181	S113 and S132 and S171 and S179	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S180	S113 and S132 and S171 and S179	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S179	S172 or S173 or S174 or S175 or S176 or S177 or S178	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S178	safe*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S177	long term	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S176	harm*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S175	TI risk*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S174	side n1 effect*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S173	adverse n1 effect*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S172	MH DRUG TOXICITY+	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S171	S146 or S155 or S166 or S170	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S170	S167 or S168 or S169	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S169	ispagel or regulan or methylcellulose or celevac or sterculia or normacol	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S168	ispaghula or fibrelief or fybogel or isogel	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S167	MH PSYLLIUM	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S166	S161 or S162 or S163 or S164 or S165	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S165	liquid paraffin	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S164	MH MINERAL OIL	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S163	arachis	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S162	MH PEANUT	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S161	MH OILS	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S160	fecal N3 soft*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S159	faecal N3 soft*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S158	S156 or S157	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S157	macrogrol$or idrolax or movicol or klean	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S156	polyethylene glycol	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S155	S147 or S148 or S149 or S150 or S151 or S152 or S153 or S154	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S154	microlette or microlax or relaxit	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S153	MH CITRATES	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S152	carabalax or fleet or fletcher	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S151	MH PHOSPHATES	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S150	duphalac or lactugal or regulose	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S149	MH DISACCHARIDES	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S148	magnesium or citramag or lactulose	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S147	MH MAGNESIUM	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S146	S133 or S134 or S135 or S136 or S137 or S138 or S139 or S140 or S141 or S142 or S143 or S144 or S145	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S145	dioctyl or docusol or norgalax	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S144	docusate sodium	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S143	codalaxforte	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S142	capsuvac or normalax or codalax or danlax	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S141	dantron or danthron	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S140	MH PHYTOCHEMICALS	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S139	MH GLYCERIN	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S138	manevac or senokot	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S137	senna extract	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S136	laxoberal or dulcolax or picolax or bisacodyl	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S135	sodium picosulphate*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S134	laxative* or picoline*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S133	MH CATHARTICS	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S132	S114 or S115 or S116 or S117 or S118 or S119 or S120 or S121 or S122 or S123 or S124 or S125 or S126 or S127 or S128 or S129 or S130 or S131	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S131	infrequent* N3 feces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S130	infrequent* N3 faeces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S129	infrequent* N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S128	infrequent N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S127	irregular N3 feces*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S126	irregular N3 faeces*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S125	irregular N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S124	irregular N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S123	delay* N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S122	delay* N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S121	delay* N3 faeces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S120	delay* N3 feces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S119	difficult* N3 feces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S118	difficult* N3 faeces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S117	difficult* N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S116	difficult* N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S115	TI constipat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S114	MH CONSTIPATION	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S113	S106 or S107 or S108 or S109 or S110 or S111 or S112	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S112	adolescen* or teenage*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S111	MH ADOLESCENCE+	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S110	child*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S109	baby or babies	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S108	newborn* OR neonate*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S107	infant*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S106	MH CHILD+	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S105	S8 and S31 and S104	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S104	S56 or S73 or S79 or S87 or S98 or S103	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S103	S99 or S100 or S101 or S102	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S102	AB (antegrade N3 colon*)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S101	TI (antegrade N3 colon*)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S100	TI (ace) or AB (ace)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S99	TI (manual evacuation) or AB (manual evacuation)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S98	S88 or S89 or S90 or S91 or S92 or S93 or S94 or S95 or S96 or S97	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S97	TI (normacol) or AB (normacol)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S96	TI (celevac) or AB (celevac)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S95	TI (methycellulose) or AB (methycellulose)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S94	TI (regulan) or AB (regulan)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S93	TI (ispagel) or AB (ispagel)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S92	TI (isogel) or AB (isogel)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S91	TI (fybogel) or AB (fybogel)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S90	TI (fibrelief) or AB (fibrelief)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S89	TI (ispaghula) or AB (ispaghula)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S88	MH PSYLLIUM	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S87	S80 or S81 or S82 or S83 or S84 or S85 or S86	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S86	TI (liquid paraffin) or AB (liquid paraffin)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S85	MH MINERAL OIL	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S84	TI (arachis) or AB (arachis)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S83	MH PEANUT	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S82	MH OILS	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S81	AB (faecal N3 soft) or AB (fecal N3 soft)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S80	TI (faecal N3 soft) or TI (fecal N3 soft)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S79	S74 or S75 or S76 or S77 or S78	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S78	TI (klean) or AB (klean)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S77	TI (movicol) or AB (movicol)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S76	TI (idrolax) or AB (idrolax)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S75	TI (macrogol) or AB (macrogol)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S74	TI (polyethylene glycol) or AB (polyethylene glycol)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S73	S57 or S58 or S59 or S60 or S61 or S62 or S63 or S64 or S65 or S66 or S67 or S68 or S69 or S70 or S71 or S72	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S72	TI (relaxit) or AB (relaxit)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S71	TI (microlax) or AB (microlax)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S70	TI (microlette) or AB (microlette)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S69	MH CITRATES+	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S68	TI (fletcher) or AB (fletcher)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S67	TI (fleet) or AB (fleet)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S66	TI (carbalax) or AB (carbalax)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S65	MH PHOSPHATES	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S64	TI (regulose) or AB (regulose)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S63	TI (lactugal) or AB (lactugal)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S62	TI (duphalac) or AB (duphalac)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S61	MH DISACCHARIDES	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S60	TI (lactulose) or AB (lactulose)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S59	TI (citramag) or AB (citramag)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S58	TI (magnesium) or AB (magnesium)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S57	MH MAGNESIUM	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S56	S32 or S33 or S34 or S35 or S36 or S37 or S38 or S39 or S40 or S41 or S42 or S43 or S44 or S45 or S46 or S47 or S48 or S49 or S50 or S51 or S52 or S53 or S54 or S55	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S55	TI (norgalax) or AB (norgalax)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S54	TI (docusol) or AB (docusol)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S53	TI (dioctyl) or AB (dioctyl)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S52	TI (docusate sodium) or AB (docusate sodium)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S51	TI (codalaxforte) or AB (codalaxforte)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S50	TI (danlax) or AB (danlax)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S49	TI (codalax) or AB (codalax)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S48	TI (normax) or AB (normax)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S47	TI (capsuvac) or AB (capsuvac)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S46	TI (dantron or danthron) or AB (dantron or danthron)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S45	MH PHYTOCHEMICALS	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S44	TI (glycerol) or AB (glycerol)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S43	MH GLYCERIN	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S42	TI (senokot) or AB (senokot)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S41	TI (manevac) or AB (manevac)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S40	TI (senna extract) or AB (senna extract)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S39	TI (bisacodyl) or AB (bisacodyl)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S38	TI (picolax) or AB (picolax)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S37	TI (dulcolax) or AB (dulcolax)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S36	TI (laxoberal) or AB (laxoberal)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S35	TI (sodium picosulphate) or AB (sodium picosulphate)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S34	TI (picoline) or AB (picoline)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S33	TI (laxative) or AB (laxative)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S32	MH CATHARTICS	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S31	S27 or S28 or S29 or S30	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S30	TI (coprostasis) or AB (coprostasis)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S29	MH FECES, IMPACTED	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S28	TI (encopresis) or AB (encopresis)	Search modes - Find all my search terms	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S27	S9 or S10 or S11 or S12 or S13 or S14 or S15 or S16 or S17 or S18 or S19 or S20 or S21 or S22 or S23 or S24 or S25 or S26	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S26	infrequent* N3 feces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S25	infrequent* N3 faeces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S24	infrequent* N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S23	infrequent N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S22	irregular N3 feces*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S21	irregular N3 faeces*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S20	irregular N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S19	irregular N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S18	delay* N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S17	delay* N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S16	delay* N3 faeces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S15	delay* N3 feces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S14	difficult* N3 feces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S13	difficult* N3 faeces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S12	difficult* N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S11	difficult* N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S10	TI constipat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S9	MH CONSTIPATION	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S8	S1 or S2 or S3 or S4 or S5 or S6 or S7	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S7	adolescen* or teenage*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S6	MH ADOLESCENCE+	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S5	child*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S4	baby or babies	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S3	newborn* OR neonate*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S2	infant*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S1	MH CHILD+	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to September Week 3 2008
IC_adv_longterm_laxatives_economic_medline_260808

#	Searches	Results
1	costs.tw.	77470
2	cost effective$.tw.	44545
3	economic.tw.	66685
4	or/1-3	163873
5	(metabolic adj cost).tw.	486
6	((energy or oxygen) adj cost).tw.	2052
7	4 not (5 or 6)	163640
8	exp INFANT/	799331
9	infan$.tw.	254988
10	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	138853
11	(baby or babies).tw.	37856
12	exp CHILD/	1287949
13	child$.tw.	717967
14	ADOLESCENT/	1291921
15	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	112687
16	or/8-15	2547542
17	CONSTIPATION/	8082
18	constipat$.ti.	3359
19	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	828
20	ENCOPRESIS/	557
21	FECAL IMPACTION/	747
22	coprostasis.tw.	24
23	or/17-22	9753
24	LAXATIVES/	79
25	laxative$.ti.	979
26	CATHARTICS/	3949
27	PICOLINES/	1042
28	sodium picosulphate$.tw.	38
29	laxoberal.tw.	4
30	dulcolax.tw.	59
31	picolax.tw.	41
32	BISACODYL/	270
33	SENNA EXTRACT/	309
34	manevac.tw.	0
35	senokot.tw.	17
36	GLYCEROL/	18193
37	glycerin$.tw.	2258
38	ANTHRAQUINONES/	4009
39	(dantron or danthron).tw.	72
40	capsuvac.tw.	0
41	normax.tw.	0
42	codalax.tw.	0
43	danlax.tw.	0
44	codalaxforte.tw.	0
45	DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINIC ACID/	384
46	dioctyl.tw.	341
47	docusol.tw.	0
48	norgalax.tw.	1
49	or/24-48	29055
50	MAGNESIUM/	57617
51	magnesium.tw.	33556
52	citramag.tw.	4
53	LACTULOSE/	1444
54	DISACCHARIDES/	6721
55	duphalac.tw.	21
56	lactugal.tw.	0
57	regulose.tw.	0
58	PHOSPHATES/	47128
59	carbalax.tw.	0
60	fleet.tw.	598
61	fletcher$.tw.	550
62	CITRATES/	13508
63	sodium citrate$.tw.	1600
64	micolette.tw.	0
65	microlax.tw.	8
66	relaxit.tw.	7
67	or/50-66	137491
68	POLYETHYLENE GLYCOLS/	23918
69	macrogol$.tw.	138
70	idrolax.tw.	0
71	movicol.tw.	8
72	klean$.tw.	24
73	or/68-72	24030
74	((faecal or fecal) adj3 soft$).tw.	21
75	OILS/	8199
76	arachis.tw.	1045
77	MINERAL OIL/	1401
78	liquid paraffin.tw.	365
79	or/74-78	10860
80	PSYLLIUM/	468
81	ispaghula.tw.	108
82	fibrelief.tw.	0
83	fybogel.tw.	10
84	isogel.tw.	7
85	ispagel.tw.	0
86	regulan.tw.	1
87	METHYLCELLULOSE/	3227
88	celevac.tw.	2
89	STERCULIA/	14
90	normacol.tw.	8
91	or/80-90	3773
92	or/49,67,73,79,91	201423
93	((adverse or side) adj1 effect$).tw.	183696
94	harm$.tw.	51155
95	risk$.ti.	175225
96	long term.tw.	349929
97	safe$.tw.	293540
98	or/93-97	961328
99	and/7,16,23,92,98	0

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 3rd Quarter 2008
IC_adv_longterm_laxatives_economics_CCTR_260808

#	Searches	Results
1	costs.tw.	5410
2	cost effective$.tw.	4135
3	economic.tw.	2275
4	or/1-3	8908
5	(metabolic adj cost).tw.	38
6	((energy or oxygen) adj cost).tw.	178
7	4 not (5 or 6)	8898
8	exp INFANT/	17523
9	infan$.tw.	11965
10	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	4189
11	(baby or babies).tw.	1648
12	exp CHILD/	38980
13	child$.tw.	32759
14	ADOLESCENT/	54880
15	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	4820
16	or/8-15	95485
17	CONSTIPATION/	518
18	constipat$.ti.	405
19	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	146
20	ENCOPRESIS/	23
21	FECAL IMPACTION/	7
22	coprostasis.tw.	0
23	or/17-22	796
24	LAXATIVES/	3
25	laxative$.ti.	121
26	CATHARTICS/	382
27	PICOLINES/	50
28	sodium picosulphate$.tw.	17
29	laxoberal.tw.	1
30	dulcolax.tw.	20
31	picolax.tw.	30
32	BISACODYL/	73
33	SENNA EXTRACT/	46
34	manevac.tw.	0
35	senokot.tw.	6
36	GLYCEROL/	475
37	glycerin$.tw.	109
38	ANTHRAQUINONES/	73
39	(dantron or danthron).tw.	1
40	capsuvac.tw.	0
41	normax.tw.	0
42	codalax.tw.	0
43	danlax.tw.	0
44	codalaxforte.tw.	0
45	DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINIC ACID/	13
46	dioctyl.tw.	9
47	docusol.tw.	0
48	norgalax.tw.	0
49	or/24-48	1104
50	MAGNESIUM/	867
51	magnesium.tw.	2258
52	citramag.tw.	3
53	LACTULOSE/	231
54	DISACCHARIDES/	92
55	duphalac.tw.	7
56	lactugal.tw.	0
57	regulose.tw.	0
58	PHOSPHATES/	809
59	carbalax.tw.	0
60	fleet.tw.	39
61	fletcher$.tw.	10
62	CITRATES/	392
63	sodium citrate$.tw.	131
64	micolette.tw.	0
65	microlax.tw.	1
66	relaxit.tw.	1
67	or/50-66	3922
68	POLYETHYLENE GLYCOLS/	790
69	macrogol$.tw.	8
70	idrolax.tw.	0
71	movicol.tw.	3
72	klean$.tw.	8
73	or/68-72	803
74	((faecal or fecal) adj3 soft$).tw.	0
75	OILS/	90
76	arachis.tw.	14
77	MINERAL OIL/	30
78	liquid paraffin.tw.	16
79	or/74-78	143
80	PSYLLIUM/	104
81	ispaghula.tw.	47
82	fibrelief.tw.	0
83	fybogel.tw.	8
84	isogel.tw.	0
85	ispagel.tw.	0
86	regulan.tw.	1
87	METHYLCELLULOSE/	107
88	celevac.tw.	1
89	STERCULIA/	7
90	normacol.tw.	1
91	or/80-90	246
92	or/49,67,73,79,91	5840
93	((adverse or side) adj1 effect$).tw.	38109
94	harm$.tw.	1575
95	risk$.ti.	8765
96	long term.tw.	25180
97	safe$.tw.	43543
98	or/93-97	101325
99	and/7,16,23,92,98	0

EBM Reviews - Health Technology Assessment 3rd Quarter 2008
IC_adv_longterm_laxatives_economics_hta_260808

#	Searches	Results
1	costs.tw.	1155
2	cost effective$.tw.	915
3	economic.tw.	682
4	or/1-3	1657
5	(metabolic adj cost).tw.	0
6	((energy or oxygen) adj cost).tw.	0
7	4 not (5 or 6)	1657
8	exp INFANT/	103
9	infan$.tw.	133
10	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	99
11	(baby or babies).tw.	22
12	exp CHILD/	226
13	child$.tw.	397
14	ADOLESCENT/	44
15	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	74
16	or/8-15	521
17	CONSTIPATION/	12
18	constipat$.ti.	4
19	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	0
20	ENCOPRESIS/	1
21	FECAL IMPACTION/	0
22	coprostasis.tw.	0
23	or/17-22	12
24	LAXATIVES/	2
25	laxative$.ti.	4
26	CATHARTICS/	2
27	PICOLINES/	0
28	sodium picosulphate$.tw.	0
29	laxoberal.tw.	0
30	dulcolax.tw.	0
31	picolax.tw.	0
32	BISACODYL/	0
33	SENNA EXTRACT/	0
34	manevac.tw.	0
35	senokot.tw.	0
36	GLYCEROL/	0
37	glycerin$.tw.	0
38	ANTHRAQUINONES/	0
39	(dantron or danthron).tw.	0
40	capsuvac.tw.	0
41	normax.tw.	0
42	codalax.tw.	0
43	danlax.tw.	0
44	codalaxforte.tw.	0
45	DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINIC ACID/	0
46	dioctyl.tw.	0
47	docusol.tw.	0
48	norgalax.tw.	0
49	or/24-48	4
50	MAGNESIUM/	1
51	magnesium.tw.	4
52	citramag.tw.	0
53	LACTULOSE/	0
54	DISACCHARIDES/	0
55	duphalac.tw.	0
56	lactugal.tw.	0
57	regulose.tw.	0
58	PHOSPHATES/	0
59	carbalax.tw.	0
60	fleet.tw.	0
61	fletcher$.tw.	0
62	CITRATES/	0
63	sodium citrate$.tw.	0
64	micolette.tw.	0
65	microlax.tw.	0
66	relaxit.tw.	0
67	or/50-66	4
68	POLYETHYLENE GLYCOLS/	1
69	macrogol$.tw.	0
70	idrolax.tw.	0
71	movicol.tw.	0
72	klean$.tw.	0
73	or/68-72	1
74	((faecal or fecal) adj3 soft$).tw.	0
75	OILS/	0
76	arachis.tw.	0
77	MINERAL OIL/	0
78	liquid paraffin.tw.	0
79	or/74-78	0
80	PSYLLIUM/	0
81	ispaghula.tw.	0
82	fibrelief.tw.	0
83	fybogel.tw.	0
84	isogel.tw.	0
85	ispagel.tw.	0
86	regulan.tw.	0
87	METHYLCELLULOSE/	0
88	celevac.tw.	0
89	STERCULIA/	0
90	normacol.tw.	0
91	or/80-90	0
92	or/49,67,73,79,91	9
93	((adverse or side) adj1 effect$).tw.	197
94	harm$.tw.	100
95	risk$.ti.	161
96	long term.tw.	334
97	safe$.tw.	533
98	or/93-97	1102
99	and/7,16,23,92,98	0

EBM Reviews - Health Technology Assessment 3rd Quarter 2008
IC_adv_longterm_laxatives_economics_hta_260808

#	Searches	Results
1	costs.tw.	1155
2	cost effective$.tw.	915
3	economic.tw.	682
4	or/1-3	1657
5	(metabolic adj cost).tw.	0
6	((energy or oxygen) adj cost).tw.	0
7	4 not (5 or 6)	1657
8	exp INFANT/	103
9	infan$.tw.	133
10	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	99
11	(baby or babies).tw.	22
12	exp CHILD/	226
13	child$.tw.	397
14	ADOLESCENT/	44
15	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	74
16	or/8-15	521
17	CONSTIPATION/	12
18	constipat$.ti.	4
19	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	0
20	ENCOPRESIS/	1
21	FECAL IMPACTION/	0
22	coprostasis.tw.	0
23	or/17-22	12
24	LAXATIVES/	2
25	laxative$.ti.	4
26	CATHARTICS/	2
27	PICOLINES/	0
28	sodium picosulphate$.tw.	0
29	laxoberal.tw.	0
30	dulcolax.tw.	0
31	picolax.tw.	0
32	BISACODYL/	0
33	SENNA EXTRACT/	0
34	manevac.tw.	0
35	senokot.tw.	0
36	GLYCEROL/	0
37	glycerin$.tw.	0
38	ANTHRAQUINONES/	0
39	(dantron or danthron).tw.	0
40	capsuvac.tw.	0
41	normax.tw.	0
42	codalax.tw.	0
43	danlax.tw.	0
44	codalaxforte.tw.	0
45	DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINIC ACID/	0
46	dioctyl.tw.	0
47	docusol.tw.	0
48	norgalax.tw.	0
49	or/24-48	4
50	MAGNESIUM/	1
51	magnesium.tw.	4
52	citramag.tw.	0
53	LACTULOSE/	0
54	DISACCHARIDES/	0
55	duphalac.tw.	0
56	lactugal.tw.	0
57	regulose.tw.	0
58	PHOSPHATES/	0
59	carbalax.tw.	0
60	fleet.tw.	0
61	fletcher$.tw.	0
62	CITRATES/	0
63	sodium citrate$.tw.	0
64	micolette.tw.	0
65	microlax.tw.	0
66	relaxit.tw.	0
67	or/50-66	4
68	POLYETHYLENE GLYCOLS/	1
69	macrogol$.tw.	0
70	idrolax.tw.	0
71	movicol.tw.	0
72	klean$.tw.	0
73	or/68-72	1
74	((faecal or fecal) adj3 soft$).tw.	0
75	OILS/	0
76	arachis.tw.	0
77	MINERAL OIL/	0
78	liquid paraffin.tw.	0
79	or/74-78	0
80	PSYLLIUM/	0
81	ispaghula.tw.	0
82	fibrelief.tw.	0
83	fybogel.tw.	0
84	isogel.tw.	0
85	ispagel.tw.	0
86	regulan.tw.	0
87	METHYLCELLULOSE/	0
88	celevac.tw.	0
89	STERCULIA/	0
90	normacol.tw.	0
91	or/80-90	0
92	or/49,67,73,79,91	9
93	((adverse or side) adj1 effect$).tw.	197
94	harm$.tw.	100
95	risk$.ti.	161
96	long term.tw.	334
97	safe$.tw.	533
98	or/93-97	1102
99	and/7,16,23,92,98	0

EMBASE 1980 to 2008 Week 38
IC_adv_longterm_laxatives_economics_embase_260808

#	Searches	Results
1	costs.tw.	63791
2	cost effective$.tw.	40544
3	economic.tw.	52773
4	or/1-3	133197
5	(metabolic adj cost).tw.	375
6	((energy or oxygen) adj cost).tw.	1672
7	4 not (5 or 6)	133023
8	exp NEWBORN/	178058
9	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	96129
10	exp CHILD/	617693
11	infan$.tw.	168613
12	(baby or babies).tw.	27102
13	child$.tw.	479594
14	exp CHILDHOOD/	15479
15	exp ADOLESCENCE/	25477
16	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	85263
17	or/8-16	1030016
18	CONSTIPATION/	25920
19	constipat$.ti.	2651
20	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	775
21	encopresis.tw.	343
22	FECES IMPACTION/	450
23	coprostasis.tw.	17
24	or/18-23	26913
25	LAXATIVE/	5364
26	laxative$.ti.	687
27	cathartic$.tw.	466
28	purgative$.tw.	236
29	laxantia$.tw.	3
30	PICOSULFATE SODIUM/	444
31	laxoberal.tw.	46
32	dulcolax.tw.	269
33	picolax.tw.	98
34	BISACODYL/	1273
35	SENNA EXTRACT/	445
36	manevac.tw.	1
37	senokot.tw.	130
38	GLYCEROL/	12157
39	glycerin$.tw.	1296
40	DANTRON/	322
41	(dantron or danthron).tw.	74
42	capsuvac.tw.	0
43	normax.tw.	5
44	codalax.tw.	0
45	danlax.tw.	0
46	codalaxforte.tw.	0
47	DOCUSATE SODIUM/	1371
48	dioctyl.tw.	344
49	docusol.tw.	2
50	norgalax.tw.	5
51	or/25-50	21072
52	MAGNESIUM SALT/	347
53	MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE/	1550
54	citramag.tw.	10
55	LACTULOSE/	3508
56	duphalac.tw.	191
57	lactugal.tw.	0
58	regulose.tw.	0
59	PHOSPHATE/	26338
60	carbalax.tw.	0
61	fleet.tw.	660
62	fletcher$.tw.	347
63	CITRIC ACID/	8907
64	sodium citrate$.tw.	1148
65	micolette.tw.	2
66	microlax.tw.	32
67	relaxit.tw.	3
68	or/52-67	41649
69	MACROGOL DERIVATIVE/	1056
70	macrogol$.tw.	200
71	idrolax.tw.	5
72	movicol.tw.	90
73	klean$.tw.	80
74	or/69-73	1396
75	((faecal or fecal) adj3 soft$).tw.	14
76	OIL/	5795
77	ARACHIS OIL/	771
78	MINERAL OIL/	1374
79	LIQUID PARAFFIN/	634
80	or/75-79	8439
81	ISPAGULA/	1441
82	psyllium.tw.	415
83	fibrelief.tw.	0
84	fybogel.tw.	54
85	isogel.tw.	12
86	ispagel.tw.	0
87	regulan.tw.	9
88	METHYLCELLULOSE/	2444
89	STERCULIA/	19
90	normacol.tw.	77
91	or/81-90	3821
92	or/51,68,74,80,91	73450
93	SIDE EFFECT/	86753
94	exp ADVERSE DRUG REACTION/	192160
95	((adverse or side) adj1 effect$).tw.	173990
96	harm$.tw.	43464
97	risk$.ti.	146761
98	long term.tw.	303504
99	safe$.tw.	264930
100	or/93-99	1026762
101	and/7,17,24,92,100	0

PICO question:
What is the effectiveness of dietary and lifestyle modifications in improving constipation in neonates, infants and all children up to their 18th birthday diagnosed with idiopathic constipation?

Patients/Population

Neonates (newborns), infants and all children up to their 18th birthday diagnosed with idiopathic constipation

Intervention/Exposure

Increasing fluids intake
Increasing physical activity/exercise
Increasing fibre intake: Dried or fresh fruits, fruit juices, vegetables, cereals, bran, dihydroxyphenyl isatin (laxating part of prunes), prebiotics, oligosaccharides, fructooligosaccarides (FOS) (found in garlic, leek and onion), Inulin (found in bananas, onions, garlic, asparagus and tomatoes.)
Supplements: Benefiber (partially hydrolysed guar gum), glucomannan, iron, pectin
Infant's formulas: Prebiotics, oligosaccharides, partially hydrolysed whey protein, casein, whey hydrolysates
Omega 3 fish oils
Chocolate
Low fat / high fat diet
Dairy free diet
Soy milk
Sheep milk

Control

Usual / “normal” fluids intake
Usual/ “normal” physical activity
Usual / “normal” diet

Outcomes

Changes in frequency of bowel movements
Changes in stools consistency/appearance
Changes in pain/difficulty on passing stools
Changes in frequency of episodes of soiling
Reduction in laxative
Parent/child views/satisfaction or Quality of Life

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to September Week 2 2008
IC_Q8_dietlife_medline_220908

#	Searches	Results
1	exp INFANT/	798791
2	infan$.tw.	254787
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	138743
4	(baby or babies).tw.	37817
5	exp CHILD/	1287015
6	child$.tw.	717279
7	ADOLESCENT/	1290912
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	112540
9	or/1-8	2545612
10	CONSTIPATION/	8076
11	constipat$.ti.	3358
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	828
13	ENCOPRESIS/	557
14	FECAL IMPACTION/	746
15	coprostasis.tw.	24
16	or/10-15	9746
17	DRINKING/	10513
18	DEHYDRATION/	8617
19	((fluid$ or water) adj3 intak$).tw.	8410
20	EXERCISE/	44959
21	(physical or exercise or exercising).tw.	354741
22	(physical adj3 activit$).tw.	30230
23	DIETARY FIBER/	10359
24	CELLULOSE/	14865
25	(diet$ adj3 fibre).tw.	1968
26	FRUIT/	15910
27	VEGETABLES/	12420
28	CEREALS/	9484
29	(grain$ or malt).tw.	22621
30	bran.tw.	2789
31	(dihydroxyphenyl adj3 isatin).tw.	0
32	prune$.tw.	1168
33	PROBIOTICS/	3942
34	prebiotic$.tw.	1734
35	exp OLIGOSACCHARIDES/	60994
36	fructooligosaccharides.ti.	100
37	GARLIC/ or ONIONS/	2580
38	INULIN/	5503
39	MUSA/	368
40	banana$.tw.	1542
41	LILIACEAE/ or ASPARAGUS PLANT/	548
42	asparagus.tw.	407
43	LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM/	4235
44	tomato$.tw.	8052
45	MANNANS/	2977
46	benefiber.tw.	4
47	glucomannan.tw.	261
48	IRON/	61252
49	PECTINS/	2683
50	INFANT FORMULA/	1009
51	partially hydrolysed whey protein.tw.	4
52	CASEINS/	11634
53	(whey adj2 hydrolysate$).tw.	133
54	fatty acids, omega-3/ or eicosapentaenoic acid/	7253
55	omega 3 fish oil$.tw.	21
56	CACAO/	1467
57	chocolate$.tw.	2017
58	exp DIETARY FATS/	57351
59	(low-fat adj diet$).tw.	2440
60	(low?fat adj diet$).tw.	5
61	(high-fat adj diet$).tw.	5244
62	(high?fat adj diet$).tw.	4
63	dairy free diet$.tw.	5
64	(dairy-free adj diet$).tw.	5
65	SOY MILK/	170
66	(soy$ adj3 milk$).tw.	920
67	MILK/	35457
68	exp SHEEP/	93519
69	and/67-68	1388
70	(sheep adj2 milk$).tw.	184
71	or/17-66,69-70	669268
72	and/9,16,71	368

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 3rd Quarter 2008
IC_Q8_dietlife_cctr_220908

#	Searches	Results
1	exp INFANT/	17523
2	infan$.tw.	11965
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	4189
4	(baby or babies).tw.	1648
5	exp CHILD/	38980
6	child$.tw.	32759
7	ADOLESCENT/	54880
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	4820
9	or/1-8	95485
10	CONSTIPATION/	518
11	constipat$.ti.	405
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	146
13	ENCOPRESIS/	23
14	FECAL IMPACTION/	7
15	coprostasis.tw.	0
16	or/10-15	796
17	DRINKING/	289
18	DEHYDRATION/	254
19	((fluid$ or water) adj3 intak$).tw.	523
20	EXERCISE/	5520
21	(physical or exercise or exercising).tw.	30038
22	(physical adj3 activit$).tw.	2599
23	DIETARY FIBER/	1001
24	CELLULOSE/	322
25	(diet$ adj3 fibre).tw.	326
26	FRUIT/	479
27	VEGETABLES/	423
28	CEREALS/	241
29	(grain$ or malt).tw.	280
30	bran.tw.	321
31	(dihydroxyphenyl adj3 isatin).tw.	0
32	prune$.tw.	10
33	PROBIOTICS/	441
34	prebiotic$.tw.	104
35	exp OLIGOSACCHARIDES/	1896
36	fructooligosaccharides.ti.	14
37	GARLIC/ or ONIONS/	104
38	INULIN/	98
39	MUSA/	6
40	banana$.tw.	51
41	LILIACEAE/ or ASPARAGUS PLANT/	2
42	asparagus.tw.	4
43	LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM/	53
44	tomato$.tw.	119
45	MANNANS/	175
46	benefiber.tw.	3
47	glucomannan.tw.	32
48	IRON/	1259
49	PECTINS/	76
50	INFANT FORMULA/	134
51	partially hydrolysed whey protein.tw.	2
52	CASEINS/	161
53	(whey adj2 hydrolysate$).tw.	40
54	fatty acids, omega-3/ or eicosapentaenoic acid/	824
55	omega 3 fish oil$.tw.	3
56	CACAO/	94
57	chocolate$.tw.	166
58	exp DIETARY FATS/	3797
59	(low-fat adj diet$).tw.	505
60	(low?fat adj diet$).tw.	2
61	(high-fat adj diet$).tw.	223
62	(high?fat adj diet$).tw.	0
63	(dairy adj free adj diet$).tw.	2
64	(dairy-free adj diet$).tw.	2
65	SOY MILK/	20
66	(soy$ adj3 milk$).tw.	140
67	MILK/	650
68	exp SHEEP/	65
69	and/67-68	1
70	(sheep adj2 milk$).tw.	0
71	or/17-66,69-70	41179
72	and/9,16,71	62

DARE, CDSR
IC_Q8_dietlife_cdsrdare_220908

#	Searches	Results
1	INFANT.kw.	820
2	infan$.tw,tx.	1520
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw,tx.	954
4	(baby or babies).tw,tx.	756
5	CHILD.kw.	1169
6	child$.tw,tx.	3868
7	ADOLESCENT.kw.	754
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw,tx.	1336
9	or/1-8	4544
10	CONSTIPATION.kw.	25
11	constipat$.ti.	20
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw,tx.	54
13	ENCOPRESIS.kw.	6
14	FECAL IMPACTION.kw.	1
15	coprostasis.tw,tx.	0
16	or/10-15	74
17	DRINKING.kw.	51
18	DEHYDRATION.kw.	15
19	((fluid$ or water) adj3 intak$).tw,tx.	87
20	EXERCISE.kw.	465
21	(physical or exercise or exercising).tw,tx.	2875
22	(physical adj3 activit$).tw,tx.	412
23	DIETARY FIBER.kw.	17
24	CELLULOSE.kw.	4
25	(diet$ adj3 fibre).tw,tx.	47
26	FRUIT.kw.	8
27	VEGETABLES.kw.	7
28	CEREALS.kw.	5
29	(grain$ or malt).tw,tx.	39
30	bran.tw,tx.	18
31	(dihydroxyphenyl adj3 isatin).tw,tx.	0
32	prune$.tw,tx.	5
33	PROBIOTICS.kw.	32
34	prebiotic$.tw,tx.	13
35	OLIGOSACCHARIDES.kw.	1
36	fructooligosaccharides.ti.	0
37	(GARLIC or ONIONS).kw.	8
38	INULIN.kw.	0
39	MUSA.kw.	0
40	banana$.tw,tx.	7
41	(LILIACEAE or ASPARAGUS PLANT).kw.	0
42	asparagus.tw,tx.	0
43	LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM.kw.	0
44	tomato$.tw,tx.	4
45	MANNANS.kw.	2
46	benefiber.tw,tx.	0
47	glucomannan.tw,tx.	1
48	IRON.kw.	24
49	PECTINS.kw.	0
50	INFANT FORMULA.kw.	17
51	partially hydrolysed whey protein.tw,tx.	0
52	CASEINS.kw.	1
53	(whey adj2 hydrolysate$).tw,tx.	3
54	(fatty acids, omega-3 or eicosapentaenoic acid).kw.	36
55	omega 3 fish oil$.tw,tx.	3
56	CACAO.kw.	2
57	chocolate$.tw,tx.	10
58	DIETARY FATS.kw.	22
59	(low-fat adj diet$).tw,tx.	36
60	(low?fat adj diet$).tw,tx.	0
61	(high-fat adj diet$).tw,tx.	9
62	(high?fat adj diet$).tw,tx.	0
63	(dairy adj free adj diet$).tw,tx.	0
64	(dairy-free adj diet$).tw,tx.	0
65	SOY MILK.kw.	1
66	(soy$ adj3 milk$).tw,tx.	15
67	MILK.kw.	32
68	SHEEP.kw.	0
69	and/67-68	0
70	(sheep adj2 milk$).tw,tx.	0
71	or/17-66,69-70	3176
72	and/9,16,71	25

EMBASE 1980 to 2008 Week 38
IC_Q8_dietlife_embase_220908

#	Searches	Results
1	exp NEWBORN/	178058
2	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	96129
3	exp CHILD/	617693
4	infan$.tw.	168613
5	(baby or babies).tw.	27102
6	child$.tw.	479594
7	exp CHILDHOOD/	15479
8	exp ADOLESCENCE/	25477
9	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	85263
10	or/1-9	1030016
11	CONSTIPATION/	25920
12	constipat$.ti.	2651
13	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	775
14	encopresis.tw.	343
15	FECES IMPACTION/	450
16	coprostasis.tw.	17
17	or/11-16	26913
18	fluid intake/	8774
19	((fluid$ or water) adj3 intake).tw.	6510
20	exercise/	73736
21	(exercise or exercising).tw.	104788
22	(physical adj3 activit$).tw.	25944
23	Dietary Fiber/	6070
24	(diet adj3 fibre).tw.	439
25	exp fruit/	21703
26	(dried adj3 fruit$).tw.	322
27	(fruit adj3 juice$).tw.	1130
28	exp vegetable/	46531
29	cereal/ or malt/	3707
30	grain$.tw.	13661
31	exp bran/	1558
32	(dihydroxphenyl adj3 isatin).tw.	0
33	prune$.tw.	850
34	Prebiotic Agent/	832
35	exp Oligosaccharide/	164373
36	Fructose Oligosaccharide/	547
37	GARLIC/	2300
38	leek/ or onion/ or welsh onion/	1122
39	INULIN/	2873
40	banana/	494
41	Asparagus/	160
42	tomato/	3122
43	Mannan/	1603
44	Guar Gum/	1077
45	benefiber.tw.	17
46	glucomannan.tw.	221
47	Iron/	44608
48	Pectin/	2286
49	Artificial Milk/	5019
50	partially hydrolysed whey protein.tw.	5
51	Casein/	5186
52	(whey adj2 hydrolysates).tw.	27
53	Fish Oil/ or Omega 3 Fatty Acid/	11962
54	omega 3 fish oil$.tw.	21
55	Cacao/	1179
56	chocolate.tw.	1455
57	Fat Intake/	15586
58	(low-fat adj diet$).tw.	2108
59	(low?fat adj diet$).tw.	6
60	(high-fat adj diet$).tw.	4604
61	(high?fat adj diet$).tw.	8
62	dairy free diet$.tw.	4
63	(dairy-free adj diet$).tw.	4
64	Soybean Milk/	196
65	(soy$ adj3 milk$).tw.	619
66	Sheep/ and Milk/	262
67	(sheep adj2 milk$).tw.	82
68	or/18-67	467758
69	and/10,17,68	463

CINAHL - Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature 1982 to September Week 3 2008
IC_Q8_dietlife_cinahl_220908

#	Searches	Results
1	exp CHILD/	178880
2	infan$.tw.	25536
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	9840
4	(baby or babies).tw.	8976
5	child$.tw.	103646
6	exp ADOLESCENCE/	112655
7	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	25928
8	or/1-7	270097
9	CONSTIPATION/	1584
10	constipat$.ti.	765
11	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	75
12	encopresis.tw.	68
13	FECES, IMPACTED/	73
14	coprostasis.tw.	0
15	or/9-14	1736
16	Fluid Intake/	575
17	Drinking Behavior/	373
18	((fluid$ or water) adj3 intak$).tw.	575
19	Exercise/	12651
20	(exercise or exercising).tw.	25915
21	(physical adj3 activit$).tw.	9605
22	Dietary Fiber/	1908
23	(diet$ adj fibre).tw.	114
24	roughage.tw.	3
25	exp Fruit/	4327
26	Fruit Juices/	239
27	exp VEGETABLES/ or exp CRUCIFEROUS VEGETABLES/	4764
28	exp Cereals/	1280
29	bran.tw.	119
30	(dihydroxphenyl adj3 isatin).tw.	0
31	prune$.tw.	45
32	Prebiotics/	56
33	Oligosaccharides/	139
34	frutooligosaccharides.tw.	0
35	Garlic/	460
36	onions/ or tomatoes/	247
37	Banana/	26
38	banana.tw.	49
39	inulin.tw.	78
40	ASPARAGUS/	21
41	asparagus.tw.	23
42	mannans/	0
43	benefibre.tw.	0
44	glucomannan.tw.	10
45	Iron/	1623
46	pectin$.tw.	53
47	Infant Formula/	1243
48	Food, Formulated/	847
49	partially hydrolysed whey protein.tw.	0
50	Caseins/	29
51	Milk Proteins/	21
52	(whey adj2 hydrolysate$).tw.	6
53	exp Fatty Acids, Omega 3/ or exp Fish Oils/	2314
54	omega 3 fish oil$.tw.	7
55	Cacao/	403
56	chocolate$.tw.	340
57	exp Dietary Fats/	6740
58	(low-fat adj diet$).tw.	388
59	(low?fat adj diet$).tw.	3
60	(high-fat adj diet$).tw.	283
61	(high?fat adj diet$).tw.	0
62	(dairy-free adj diet$).tw.	1
63	dairy free diet$.tw.	1
64	Soy Milk/	53
65	Soybeans/	675
66	(soy$ adj3 milk$).tw.	80
67	milk/ and sheep/	0
68	(sheep$ adj2 milk$).tw.	1
69	or/16-68	58916
70	and/8,15,69	67

Cinahl Ebsco
IC_Q8_dietlife_cinahl_ebsco_220908

Tuesday, February 10, 2009 11:05:04 AM

#	Query	Limiters/Expanders	Last Run Via	Results
S92	S8 and S86 and S91	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S91	S27 or S90	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S90	S87 or S88 or S89	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S89	coprostasis	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S88	MH FECES, IMPACTED	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S87	encopresis	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S86	S28 or S29 or S30 or S31 or S32 or S33 or S34 or S35 or S36 or S37 or S38 or S39 or S40 or S41 or S42 or S43 or S44 or S45 or S46 or S47 or S48 or S49 or S50 or S51 or S52 or S53 or S54 or S55 or S56 or S57 or S58 or S59 or S60 or S61 or S62 or S63 or S64 or S65 or S66 or S67 or S68 or S69 or S70 or S71 or S72 or S73 or S74 or S75 or S76 or S77 or S78 or S79 or S80 or S81 or S82 or S83 or S84 or S85	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S85	sheep* N2 milk*	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S84	MH MILK AND MH SHEEP	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S83	soy* N3 milk*	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S82	MH SOYBEANS	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S81	MH SOY BEANS	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S80	MH SOY MILK	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S79	dairy free diet*	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S78	high?fat N2 diet*	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S77	high fat N2 diet*	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S76	low fat N2 diet*	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S75	low? fat N2 diet*	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S74	low?fat N2 diet*	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S73	MH DIETARY FATS+	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S72	chocolate*	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S71	MH CACAO	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S70	omega 3 fish oil*	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S69	MH FISH OILS+	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S68	MH FATTY ACIDS, OMEGA 3+	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S67	whey N2 hydrolysate*	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S66	MH MILK PROTEINS	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S65	MH CASEINS	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S64	partially hydrolysed whey protein	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S63	MH FOOD, FORMULATED	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S62	MH INFANT FORMULA	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S61	pectin*	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S60	MH IRON	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S59	glucomannan	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S58	benefibre	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S57	MH MANNANS	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S56	asparagus	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S55	MH ASPARAGUS	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S54	inulin*	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S53	banana*	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S52	MH BANANA	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S51	MH TOMATOES	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S50	MH ONIONS	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S49	MH GARLIC	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S48	fructooligosaccharides	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S47	MH OLIGOSACCHARIDES	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S46	MH PREBIOTICS	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S45	prune*	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S44	dihydroxphenyl N3 isatin	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S43	bran	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S42	MH CEREALS	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S41	MH CRUCIFEROUS VEGETABLES+	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S40	MH VEGETABLES	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S39	MH FRUIT JUICES	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S38	MH FRUIT+	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S37	roughage	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S36	dietary N2 fibre	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S35	MH DIETARY FIBER	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S34	physical N3 activit*	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S33	exercise or exercising	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S32	MH EXERCISE	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S31	water N3 intak*	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S30	fluid N3 intak*	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S29	MH DRINKING BEHAVIOR	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S28	MH FLUID INTAKE	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S27	S9 or S10 or S11 or S12 or S13 or S14 or S15 or S16 or S17 or S18 or S19 or S20 or S21 or S22 or S23 or S24 or S25 or S26	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S26	infrequent* N3 feces	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S25	infrequent* N3 faeces	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S24	infrequent* N3 stool*	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S23	infrequent N3 defecat*	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S22	irregular N3 feces*	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S21	irregular N3 faeces*	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S20	irregular N3 stool*	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S19	irregular N3 defecat*	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S18	delay* N3 stool*	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S17	delay* N3 defecat*	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S16	delay* N3 faeces	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S15	delay* N3 feces	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S14	difficult* N3 feces	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S13	difficult* N3 faeces	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S12	difficult* N3 stool*	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S11	difficult* N3 defecat*	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S10	TI constipat*	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S9	MH CONSTIPATION	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S8	S1 or S2 or S3 or S4 or S5 or S6 or S7	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S7	adolescen* or teenage*	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S6	MH ADOLESCENCE+	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S5	child*	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S4	baby or babies	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S3	newborn* OR neonate*	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S2	infant*	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S1	MH CHILD+	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display

PICO question:

What is the effectiveness of complementary therapies in improving constipation in neonates, infants and all children up to their 18th birthday diagnosed with idiopathic constipation?

Patients/Population

Neonates (newborns), infants and all children up to their 18th birthday diagnosed with idiopathic constipation

Intervention/Exposure

Abdominal massage

Reflexology

Hypnotherapy

Osteopathy

Cranial osteopathy

Craniosacral therapy

Homeopathy

Alternative therapies

Complementary therapies

CAM therapies

Baby massage

Control

Any of previous interventions compared with each other

Laxatives

Outcomes

Changes in frequency of bowel movements
Changes in stools consistency/appearance
Changes in pain/difficulty on passing stools
Changes in frequency of episodes of soiling
Reduction in laxatives use
Parent/child views/satisfaction or Quality of Life

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to November Week 3 2008
IC_Q15_comptherapies_medline_271108

#	Searches	Results
1	exp INFANT/	806586
2	infan$.tw.	257746
3	infan$.tw.	140513
4	(baby or babies).tw.	38354
5	exp CHILD/	1301726
6	child$.tw.	727232
7	ADOLESCENT/	1308567
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	115900
9	or/1-8	2577041
10	CONSTIPATION/	8200
11	constipat$.ti.	3399
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	846
13	ENCOPRESIS/	560
14	FECAL IMPACTION/	756
15	coprostasis.tw.	24
16	or/10-15	9890
17	MASSAGE/	3740
18	(abdominal adj3 massag$).tw.	52
19	reflexology.tw.	211
20	exp HYPNOSIS/	9849
21	(hypnotherap$ or hypnosis or hypnoti$).tw.	14162
22	OSTEOPATHIC MEDICINE/	2270
23	(osteopathy or osteopathic).tw.	2621
24	(cranial adj3 osteopath$).tw.	59
25	(craniosacral adj3 therap$).tw.	24
26	HOMEOPATHY/	3388
27	homeopath$.tw.	2557
28	or/17-27	29673
29	and/9,16,28	26

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 4th Quarter 2008
IC_Q15_comptherapies_cctr_271108

#	Searches	Results
1	exp INFANT/	17712
2	infan$.tw.	12147
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	4271
4	(baby or babies).tw.	1673
5	exp CHILD/	29922
6	child$.tw.	33306
7	ADOLESCENT/	55610
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	4947
9	or/1-8	96852
10	CONSTIPATION/	526
11	constipat$.ti.	420
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	149
13	ENCOPRESIS/	23
14	FECAL IMPACTION/	7
15	coprostasis.tw.	0
16	or/10-15	813
17	MASSAGE/	347
18	(abdominal adj3 massag$).tw.	15
19	reflexology.tw.	43
20	exp HYPNOSIS/	434
21	(hypnotherap$ or hypnosis or hypnoti$).tw.	2089
22	OSTEOPATHIC MEDICINE/	13
23	(osteopathy or osteopathic).tw.	86
24	(cranial adj3 osteopath$).tw.	4
25	(craniosacral adj3 therap$).tw.	2
26	HOMEOPATHY/	142
27	homeopath$.tw.	280
28	or/17-27	3054
29	and/9,16,28	3

DARE, CDSR
IC_Q15_comptherapies_cdsrdare_271108

#	Searches	Results
1	INFANT.kw.	858
2	infan$.tw,tx.	1585
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw,tx.	996
4	(baby or babies).tw,tx.	777
5	CHILD.kw.	1243
6	child$.tw,tx.	4085
7	ADOLESCENT.kw.	811
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw,tx.	1422
9	or/1-8	4792
10	CONSTIPATION.kw.	27
11	constipat$.ti.	21
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw,tx.	53
13	ENCOPRESIS.kw.	6
14	FECAL IMPACTION.kw.	1
15	coprostasis.tw,tx.	0
16	or/10-15	74
17	MASSAGE.kw.	45
18	(abdominal adj3 massag$).tw,tx.	4
19	reflexology.tw,tx.	27
20	HYPNOSIS.kw.	31
21	(hypnotherap$ or hypnosis or hypnoti$).tw,tx.	253
22	OSTEOPATHIC MEDICINE.kw.	3
23	(osteopathy or osteopathic).tw,tx.	34
24	(cranial adj3 osteopath$).tw,tx.	0
25	(craniosacral adj3 therap$).tw,tx.	4
26	HOMEOPATHY.kw.	26
27	homeopath$.tw,tx.	93
28	or/17-27	404
29	and/9,16,28	6

EMBASE 1980 to 2008 Week 48
IC_Q15_comptherapies_embase_271108

#	Searches	Results
1	exp NEWBORN/	179296
2	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	96976
3	exp CHILD/	623414
4	infan$.tw.	170222
5	(baby or babies).tw.	27405
6	child$.tw.	485111
7	exp CHILDHOOD/	15626
8	exp ADOLESCENCE/	25702
9	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	86567
10	or/1-9	1040381
11	CONSTIPATION/	26447
12	constipat$.ti.	2681
13	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	786
14	encopresis.tw.	346
15	FECES IMPACTION/	457
16	coprostasis.tw.	17
17	or/11-16	27451
18	MASSAGE/	3664
19	(abdominal adj3 massag$).tw.	23
20	REFLEXOLOGY/	143
21	reflexolog$.tw.	131
22	HYPNOSIS/ or HYPNOTHERAPY/	6387
23	(hypnotherap$ or hypnosis or hypnoti$).tw.	10280
24	OSTEOPATHIC MEDICINE/	562
25	(osteopathy or osteopathic).tw.	1788
26	CRANIAL OSTEOPATHY/	2
27	(cranial adj3 osteopath$).tw.	58
28	(craniosacral adj3 therap$).tw.	27
29	HOMEOPATHY/	4001
30	homeopath$.tw.	2128
31	or/18-30	21747
32	and/10,17,31	40

CINAHL - Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature 1982 to November Week 3 2008
IC_Q15_comptherapies_cinahl_271108

#	Searches	Results
1	exp CHILD/	181999
2	infan$.tw.	25926
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	10029
4	(baby or babies).tw.	9156
5	child$.tw.	105543
6	exp ADOLESCENCE/	114793
7	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	26410
8	or/1-7	275068
9	CONSTIPATION/	1614
10	constipat$.ti.	780
11	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	75
12	encopresis.tw.	68
13	FECES, IMPACTED/	75
14	coprostasis.tw.	0
15	or/9-14	1768
16	MASSAGE/	3752
17	(abdominal adj3 massag$).tw.	21
18	REFLEXOLOGY/	270
19	reflexology.tw.	222
20	HYPNOSIS/	1015
21	(hypnotherap$ or hypnosis or hypnoti$).tw.	1198
22	OSTEOPATHY/	962
23	(osteopathy or osteopathic).tw.	787
24	Craniosacral Therapy/	170
25	Homeopathy/	2505
26	or/16-25	9174
27	and/8,15,26	10

Cinahl Ebsco
IC_Q15_comptherapies_cinahl_271108

#	Query	Limiters/Expanders	Last Run Via	Results
S44	S8 and S31 and S43	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S43	S32 or S33 or S34 or S35 or S36 or S37 or S38 or S39 or S40 or S41 or S42	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S42	MH HOMEOPATHY	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S41	MH CRANIOSACRAL THERAPY	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S40	TI (osteopathy or osteopath) or AB (osteopathy or osteopath)	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S39	MH OSTEOPATHY	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S38	TI (hypnotherap* or hypnosis or hypnoti) or AB (hypnotherap or hypnosis or hypnoti*)	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S37	MH HYPNOSIS	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S36	TI (reflexolog) or AB (reflexolog)	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S35	MH REFLEXOLOGY	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S34	AB (abdominal N3 massag*)	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S33	TI (abdominal N3 massag*)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S32	MH MASSAGE	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S31	S27 or S28 or S29 or S30	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S30	TI (coprostasis) or AB (coprostasis)	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S29	MH FECES, IMPACTED	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S28	TI (encopresis) or AB (encopresis)	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S27	S9 or S10 or S11 or S12 or S13 or S14 or S15 or S16 or S17 or S18 or S19 or S20 or S21 or S22 or S23 or S24 or S25 or S26	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S26	infrequent* N3 feces	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S25	infrequent* N3 faeces	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S24	infrequent* N3 stool*	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S23	infrequent N3 defecat*	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S22	irregular N3 feces*	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S21	irregular N3 faeces*	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S20	irregular N3 stool*	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S19	irregular N3 defecat*	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S18	delay* N3 stool*	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S17	delay* N3 defecat*	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S16	delay* N3 faeces	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S15	delay* N3 feces	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S14	difficult* N3 feces	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S13	difficult* N3 faeces	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S12	difficult* N3 stool*	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S11	difficult* N3 defecat*	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S10	TI constipat*	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S9	MH CONSTIPATION	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S8	S1 or S2 or S3 or S4 or S5 or S6 or S7	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S7	adolescen* or teenage*	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S6	MH ADOLESCENCE+	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S5	child*	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S4	baby or babies	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S3	newborn* OR neonate*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S2	infant*	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S1	MH CHILD+	Search modes -Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display

AMED (Allied and Complementary Medicine) 1985 to August 2009
IC_Q15_comptherapies _AMED_111208 (search strategy saved on 12^th August 2009)

#	Searches	Results
1	adolescent/ or exp child/ or exp infant/	12481
2	infan$.tw.	2036
3	(baby or babies).tw.	298
4	child$.tw.	15236
5	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	3206
6	or/1-5	18082
7	constipation/	139
8	constipat$.ti,ab.	281
9	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	7
10	encopresis.ti,ab.	14
11	(f?ecal adj3 impact$).ti,ab.	9
12	fecal incontinence/	61
13	or/7-12	388
14	massage/	1435
15	massag$.ti,ab.	1309
16	reflexology/	168
17	reflexology.ti,ab.	149
18	hypnosis/	3361
19	(hypnotherap$ or hypnosis or hypnoti$).ti,ab.	2823
20	osteopathy/	1224
21	(osteopathy or osteopathic).ti,ab.	974
22	(craniosacral adj3 therap$).ti,ab.	44
23	homeopathy/	8970
24	homeopath$.tw.	14090
25	or/14-24	21125
26	and/6,13,25	7

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to February Week 1 2009
IC_Q15_comptherapies_medline_babymassage_160209

#	Searches	Results
1	exp INFANT/	775528
2	infan$.tw.	253171
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	136625
4	(baby or babies).tw.	38674
5	exp CHILD/	1259400
6	child$.tw.	717793
7	ADOLESCENT/	1264054
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	113072
9	or/1-8	2501509
10	CONSTIPATION/	7964
11	constipat$.ti.	3331
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	840
13	ENCOPRESIS/	548
14	FECAL IMPACTION/	728
15	coprostasis.tw.	22
16	or/10-15	9614
17	MASSAGE/	3604
18	massag$.tw.	5211
19	(touch$adj3 therap$).tw.	414
20	masseuse.tw.	4
21	(stroking or stroke).tw.	404
22	or/17-21	7659
23	and/9,16,22	9

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 1st Quarter 2009
IC_Q15_comptherapies_cctr_babymassage_160209

#	Searches	Results
1	exp INFANT/	17921
2	infan$.tw.	12323
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	4338
4	(baby or babies).tw.	1696
5	exp CHILD/	30320
6	child$.tw.	33908
7	ADOLESCENT/	56381
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	5132
9	or/1-8	98374
10	CONSTIPATION/	537
11	constipat$.ti.	424
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	153
13	ENCOPRESIS/	23
14	FECAL IMPACTION/	7
15	coprostasis.tw.	0
16	or/10-15	826
17	MASSAGE/	361
18	massag$.tw.	702
19	(touch$ adj3 therap$).tw.	77
20	masseuse.tw.	0
21	(stroking or stroke$).tw.	42
22	or/17-21	878
23	and/9,16,22	2

DARE, CDSR
IC_Q15_comptherapies_cdsrdare_babymassage_160209

#	Searches	Results
1	INFANT.kw.	871
2	infan$.tw,tx.	1591
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw,tx.	1006
4	(baby or babies).tw,tx.	779
5	CHILD.kw.	1285
6	child$.tw,tx.	4012
7	ADOLESCENT.kw.	844
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw,tx.	1456
9	or/1-8	4778
10	CONSTIPATION.kw.	29
11	constipat$.ti.	21
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw,tx.	53
13	ENCOPRESIS.kw.	6
14	FECAL IMPACTION.kw.	1
15	coprostasis.tw,tx.	0
16	or/10-15	76
17	MASSAGE.kw.	44
18	massag$.tw,tx.	281
19	(touch$ adj3 therap$).tw,tx.	37
20	masseuse.tw.	0
21	(stroking or stroke$).tw,tx.	1159
22	or/17-21	1432
23	and/9,16,22	3

EMBASE 1980 to 2009 Week 07
IC_Q15_comptherapies_embase_babymassage_160209

#	Searches	Results
1	exp NEWBORN/	180619
2	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	97964
3	exp CHILD/	630031
4	infan$.tw.	171955
5	(baby or babies).tw.	27722
6	child$.tw.	491280
7	exp CHILDHOOD/	15736
8	exp ADOLESCENCE/	26010
9	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	88052
10	or/1-9	1052108
11	CONSTIPATION/	27076
12	constipat$.ti.	2729
13	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	803
14	encopresis.tw.	349
15	FECES IMPACTION/	468
16	coprostasis.tw.	17
17	or/11-16	28101
18	MASSAGE/	3760
19	massag$.tw.	3533
20	(touch$ adj3 therap$).tw.	156
21	masseuse.tw.	1
22	(stroking or stroke$).tw.	85046
23	or/18-22	90654
24	and/9,17,23	2

Cinahl Ebsco
IC_Q15_comptherapies_cinahl_babymassage_160209

Monday, February 16, 2009 6:37:35 AM

#	Query	Limiters/Expanders	Last Run Via	Results
S37	S8 and S30 and S36	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	7
S36	S31 or S32 or S33 or S34 or S35	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	31291
S35	stroking or stroke*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	25074
S34	masseuse	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	4
S33	touch* N3 therap*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	1092
S32	massag*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	5020
S31	MH MASSAGE+	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	4416
S30	S9 or S10 or S11 or S12 or S13 or S14 or S15 or S16 or S17 or S18 or S19 or S20 or S21 or S22 or S23 or S24 or S25 or S26 or S27 or S28 or S29	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S29	coprostasis	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S28	MH FECES, IMPACTED	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S27	encopresis	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S26	infrequent* N3 feces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S25	infrequent* N3 faeces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S24	infrequent* N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S23	infrequent N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S22	irregular N3 feces*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S21	irregular N3 faeces*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S20	irregular N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S19	irregular N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S18	delay* N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S17	delay* N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S16	delay* N3 faeces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S15	delay* N3 feces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S14	difficult* N3 feces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S13	difficult* N3 faeces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S12	difficult* N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S11	difficult* N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S10	TI constipat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S9	MH CONSTIPATION	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S8	S1 or S2 or S3 or S4 or S5 or S6 or S7	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S7	adolescen* or teenage*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S6	MH ADOLESCENCE+	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S5	child*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S4	baby or babies	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S3	newborn* OR neonate*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S2	infant*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S1	MH CHILD+	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display

PsycINFO 1967 to February Week 2 2009
IC_Q15_comptherapies_PSYCINFO_babymassage_160209

#	Searches	Results
1	child$.tw.	359828
2	infan$.tw.	49328
3	(baby or babies).tw.	7149
4	adolescen$.tw.	116385
5	teenage$.tw.	7118
6	youth$.tw.	35078
7	young person.tw.	426
8	young people.tw.	9149
9	youngster$.tw.	2249
10	or/1-9	475982
11	constipation/	153
12	constipat$.tw.	671
13	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	31
14	fecal incontinence/	458
15	(encopresis or coprostasis).tw.	482
16	or/11-15	1268
17	massage/ or tactual stimulation/	1809
18	massag$.ti,ab,id.	703
19	(touch$ adj3 therap$).ti,ab,id.	255
20	masseuse.ti,ab,id.	4
21	(stroking or stroke).tw,ab,id.	8962
22	or/17-21	11414
23	and/10,16,22	2

AMED (Allied and Complementary Medicine) 1985 to February 2009
IC_Q15_comptherapies_AMED_babymassage_160209

#	Searches	Results
1	adolescent/ or exp child/ or exp infant/	12165
2	infan$.tw.	1996
3	(baby or babies).tw.	289
4	child$.tw.	14873
5	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	3093
6	or/1-5	17647
7	constipation/	133
8	constipat$.ti,ab.	269
9	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	7
10	encopresis.ti,ab.	14
11	(f?ecal adj3 impact$).ti,ab.	9
12	fecal incontinence/	59
13	coprostasis.ti,ab.	0
14	or/7-13	374
15	massage/	1400
16	massag$.ti,ab.	1275
17	(touch$ adj3 therap$).ti,ab.	192
18	masseuse.ti,ab.	1
19	(stroking or stroke$).ti,ab.	5119
20	or/15-19	7067
21	and/6,14,20	4

PICO question:

What is the effectiveness of psychological/behavioural interventions in improving constipation in neonates, infants and all children up to their 18th birthday diagnosed with chronic idiopathic constipation?

Patients/Population

Neonates (newborns), infants and all children up to their 18th birthday diagnosed with chronic idiopathic constipation

Intervention/Exposure

Toilet /bowel / habit training and retraining
Behavioural modification: 'chaining' and 'shaping' programmes
Maintaining toilet diaries
Rewarding, positive reinforcement, incentive/reward charts, star charts, reward systems
Psychosocial counselling
Psychoeducation
Biofeedback therapy
Intense psychotherapy: Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), Systemic/family therapy and psychodynamic psychotherapy.
Parent involvement, parent participation, parents as therapists, parents as mediators
Minimal intervention models using parents in behaviour therapy or behaviour modification
The Portage project
Mediational models in cognitive or behavioural therapy
The consultative triad (consultant-parent-patient)
Clinical hypnosis

Control

Any of previous interventions compared with each other

Laxatives

Outcomes

Changes in frequency of bowel movements
Changes in stools consistency/appearance
Changes in pain/difficulty on passing stools
Changes in frequency of episodes of soiling
Reduction in laxatives use
Parent/child views/satisfaction or Quality of Life

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to January Week 2 2009
IC_Q14_behavioural_MEDLINE_160109

#	Searches	Results
1	exp INFANT/	774121
2	infan$.tw.	251846
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	136066
4	(baby or babies).tw.	38468
5	exp CHILD/	1251902
6	child$.tw.	712096
7	ADOLESCENT/	1256192
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	111914
9	or/1-8	2487398
10	CONSTIPATION/	7924
11	constipat$.ti.	3311
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	835
13	ENCOPRESIS/	547
14	FECAL IMPACTION/	726
15	coprostasis.tw.	22
16	or/10-15	9568
17	toilet training/	648
18	((toilet$ or bowel or habit) adj (training or retraining)).tw.	359
19	(toilet$ adj3 (diary or diaries)).tw.	8
20	exp behavior therapy/ or “biofeedback (psychology)”/	37254
21	Behavior Control/	1021
22	conditioning.tw.	30060
23	exp “Conditioning (Psychology)”/	39465
24	(reward$ or incentive$ or star$).tw.	279486
25	(behavio?r$ adj modifi$).tw.	2721
26	(psychosocial adj3 (counsel?ing or counsell$)).tw.	227
27	psychoeducation.ti.	163
28	Patient Education as Topic/	53297
29	psychoeducation$.tw.	1487
30	(chaining or shaping).tw.	7807
31	or/17-30	430217
32	and/9,16,31	415
33	limit 32 to (english language and humans)	355

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 4th Quarter 2008
IC_Q14_behavioural_CCTR_160109

#	Searches	Results
1	exp INFANT/	17712
2	infan$.tw.	12147
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	4271
4	(baby or babies).tw.	1673
5	exp CHILD/	29922
6	child$.tw.	33306
7	ADOLESCENT/	55610
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	4947
9	or/1-8	96852
10	CONSTIPATION/	526
11	constipat$.ti.	420
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	149
13	ENCOPRESIS/	23
14	FECAL IMPACTION/	7
15	coprostasis.tw.	0
16	or/10-15	813
17	toilet training/	26
18	((toilet$ or bowel or habit) adj (training or retraining)).tw.	27
19	(toilet$ adj3 (diary or diaries)).tw.	5
20	exp behavior therapy/ or “biofeedback (psychology)”/	5527
21	Behavior Control/	28
22	conditioning.tw.	1225
23	exp “Conditioning (Psychology)”/	450
24	(reward$ or incentive$ or star$).tw.	18187
25	(behavio?r$ adj modifi$).tw.	343
26	(psychosocial adj3 (counsel?ing or counsell$)).tw.	32
27	psychoeducation.ti.	81
28	Patient Education as Topic/	3615
29	psychoeducation$.tw.	446
30	(chaining or shaping).tw.	96
31	or/17-30	28547
32	and/9,16,31	37

DARE, CDSR
IC_Q14_behavioural_CDSRDARE_160109

#	Searches	Results
1	INFANT.kw.	858
2	infan$.tw,tx.	1585
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw,tx.	996
4	(baby or babies).tw,tx.	777
5	CHILD.kw.	1243
6	child$.tw,tx.	4085
7	ADOLESCENT.kw.	811
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw,tx.	1422
9	or/1-8	4792
10	CONSTIPATION.kw.	27
11	constipat$.ti.	21
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw,tx.	53
13	ENCOPRESIS.kw.	6
14	FECAL IMPACTION.kw.	1
15	coprostasis.tw,tx.	0
16	or/10-15	74
17	toilet training.kw.	3
18	((toilet$ or bowel or habit) adj (training or retraining)).tw,tx.	12
19	(toilet$ adj3 (diary or diaries)).tw,tx.	0
20	(behavior therapy or biofeedback).kw.	218
21	Behavior Control.kw.	0
22	conditioning.tw,tx.	102
23	Conditioning.kw.	8
24	(reward$ or incentive$ or star$).tw,tx.	2427
25	(behavio?r$ adj modifi$).tw,tx.	100
26	(psychosocial adj3 (counsel?ing or counsell$)).tw,tx.	16
27	psychoeducation.ti.	1
28	Patient Education as Topic.kw.	246
29	psychoeducation$.tw,tx.	92
30	(chaining or shaping).tw,tx.	24
31	or/17-30	2977
32	and/9,16,31	19

EMBASE 1980 to 2009 Week 03
IC_Q14_behavioural_EMBASE_160109

#	Searches	Results
1	exp NEWBORN/	180096
2	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	97583
3	exp CHILD/	627359
4	infan$.tw.	171256
5	(baby or babies).tw.	27584
6	child$.tw.	488737
7	exp CHILDHOOD/	15688
8	exp ADOLESCENCE/	25877
9	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	87445
10	or/1-9	1047383
11	CONSTIPATION/	26810
12	constipat$.ti.	2713
13	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	797
14	encopresis.tw.	347
15	FECES IMPACTION/	464
16	coprostasis.tw.	17
17	or/11-16	27828
18	child rearing/	1789
19	(toilet adj3 train$).tw.	268
20	(toilet$ adj3 (diary or diaries)).tw.	6
21	behavior modification/ or behavior therapy/	25667
22	exp feedback system/	27134
23	biofeedback.tw.	3358
24	behavior control/	571
25	exp conditioning/	20532
26	(reward$ or incentive$ or star$ or reinforce$).tw.	267841
27	(behavio?r$ adj modifi$).tw.	1944
28	Patient Counseling/	20769
29	psychosocial care/	5878
30	social support/	16443
31	social care/	2130
32	or/29-31	23759
33	and/28,32	921
34	(psychosocial adj3 (counsel?ing or counsell$)).tw.	228
35	psychoeducation/	1039
36	(chaining or shaping).tw.	5531
37	or/18-27	336054
38	or/33-36	7665
39	or/37-38	342841
40	and/10,17,39	534

Cinahl Ebsco
IC_Q14_behavioural_CINAHL_160109

Friday, January 23, 2009 4:18:22 AM

#	Query	Limiters/Expanders	Last Run Via	Results
S55	S54 and S26 and S11	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	123
S54	S53 or S52 or S51 or S50 or S49 or S48 or S47 or S46 or S45 or S44 or S43 or S42 or S41 or S40 or S39 or S38 or S36 or S35 or S34 or S33 or S32 or S31 or S29 or S27	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S53	AB (behaviour* control)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S52	TI (behaviour* control)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S51	AB (behavior* control)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S50	TI (behavior* control)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S49	AB (chaining OR shaping)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S48	TI (chaining OR shaping)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S47	(MH “PSYCHOEDUCATION”)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S46	AB psychosocial N3 counselling	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S45	TI psychosocial N3 counselling	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S44	AB psychosocial N3 counseling	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S43	TI psychosocial N3 counseling	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S42	AB (reward* OR incentive* OR star* OR reinforce*)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S41	TI (reward* OR incentive* OR star* OR reinforce*)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S40	AB conditioning	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S39	TI conditioning	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S38	(MH “CONDITIONING (PSYCHOLOGY)”)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S37	MH BEHAVIOR CONTROL	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S36	MH BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S35	MH BIOFEEDBACK	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S34	AB behaviour N3 therap*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S33	TI behaviour N3 therap*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S32	(MH “BEHAVIOR THERAPY”)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S31	AB toilet N3 diar*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S30	TI toilet N3 diar*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S29	TI (toilet* OR bowel OR habit)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S28	TI (toilet* OR bowel OR habit) N3 (train* OR retrain*)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S27	(MH “BOWEL AND BLADDER MANAGEMENT+”)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S26	S25 or S24 or S23 or S22 or S19 or S18 or S17 or S16 or S15 or S14 or S13 or S12	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S25	AB feces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S24	TI feces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S23	AB faeces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S22	TI faeces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S21	AB coprostasis	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S20	TI coprostasis	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S19	AB encopresis	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S18	TI encopresis	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S17	MH FECES, IMPACTED	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S16	AB bowel movement*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S15	TI bowel movement*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S14	AB constipat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S13	TI constipat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S12	MH CONSTIPATION	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S11	S10 or S9 or S8 or S7 or S6 or S5 or S4 or S3 or S2 or S1	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S10	(AB adolescen) OR (AB teenager)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S9	(TI adolescen) OR (TI teenager)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S8	MH ADOLESCENCE+	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S7	(TI child) OR (AB child)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S6	(AB baby) OR (AB babies)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S5	(TI baby) OR (TI babies)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S4	(AB newborn) OR (AB neonate)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S3	(TI newborn) OR (TI neonate)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S2	(TI infan) OR (AB infan)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S1	MH CHILD+	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display

PsycINFO 1967 to January Week 3 2009
IC_Q14_behavioural_PSYCINFO_160109

#	Searches	Results
1	child$.tw.	358454
2	infan$.tw.	49146
3	(baby or babies).tw.	7102
4	adolescen$.tw.	115926
5	teenage$.tw.	7090
6	youth$.tw.	34852
7	young person.tw.	423
8	young people.tw.	9074
9	youngster$.tw.	2240
10	or/1-9	474144
11	constipation/	152
12	constipat$.tw.	665
13	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	31
14	fecal incontinence/	458
15	(encopresis or coprostasis).tw.	481
16	or/11-15	1261
17	toilet training/	174
18	((toilet$ or bowel or habit) adj (training or retraining)).tw.	354
19	(toilet$ adj3 (diary or diaries)).tw.	2
20	behavior therapy/ or behavior modification/ or aversion therapy/ or conversion therapy/ or exposure therapy/ or implosive therapy/ or reciprocal inhibition therapy/ or “response cost”/ or systematic desensitization therapy/	23235
21	biofeedback/ or biofeedback training/	4090
22	conditioning.tw.	21511
23	exp conditioning/	39345
24	(reward$ or incentive$ or star$).tw.	70680
25	(behavio?r$ adj modifi$).tw.	5160
26	(psychosocial adj3 (counsel?ing or counsell$)).tw.	218
27	psychoeducation/ or client education/	4379
28	(chaining or shaping).tw.	6875
29	or/17-28	149183
30	and/10,16,29	144
31	and/16,29	259
32	limit 31 to (100 childhood or 120 neonatal or 140 infancy or 160 preschool age or 180 school age or 200 adolescence )	159
33	32 or 30	185
34	limit 33 to “0110 peer-reviewed journal”	129

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to January Week 2 2009
IC_Q14_psychological_MEDLINE_160109

#	Searches	Results
1	exp INFANT/	774121
2	infan$.tw.	251846
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	136066
4	(baby or babies).tw.	38468
5	exp CHILD/	1251902
6	child$.tw.	712096
7	ADOLESCENT/	1256192
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	111914
9	or/1-8	2487398
10	CONSTIPATION/	7924
11	constipat$.ti.	3311
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	835
13	ENCOPRESIS/	547
14	FECAL IMPACTION/	726
15	coprostasis.tw.	22
16	or/10-15	9568
17	Constipation/px, th [Psychology, Therapy]	1678
18	psychotherapy/ or cognitive therapy/ or exp psychoanalytic therapy/ or exp psychotherapeutic processes/	59404
19	cognitive behavio?r$ therap$.tw.	3481
20	CBT.tw.	2001
21	Family Therapy/	6516
22	((systemic or family) adj3 therap$).tw.	13051
23	(psychodynamic adj3 psychotherap$).tw.	441
24	(consultative adj3 triad).tw.	0
25	exp Hypnosis/	9647
26	portage project.tw.	2
27	or/17-26	86609
28	and/9,16,27	688
29	limit 28 to (english language and humans)	498

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 4th Quarter 2008
IC_Q14_psychological_CCTR_160109

#	Searches	Results
1	exp INFANT/	17712
2	infan$.tw.	12147
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	4271
4	(baby or babies).tw.	1673
5	exp CHILD/	29922
6	child$.tw.	33306
7	ADOLESCENT/	55610
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	4947
9	or/1-8	96852
10	CONSTIPATION/	526
11	constipat$.ti.	420
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	149
13	ENCOPRESIS/	23
14	FECAL IMPACTION/	7
15	coprostasis.tw.	0
16	or/10-15	813
17	Constipation/px, th [Psychology, Therapy]	70
18	psychotherapy/ or cognitive therapy/ or exp psychoanalytic therapy/ or exp psychotherapeutic processes/	3198
19	cognitive behavio?r$ therap$.tw.	1417
20	CBT.tw.	827
21	Family Therapy/	383
22	((systemic or family) adj3 therap$).tw.	1183
23	(psychodynamic adj3 psychotherap$).tw.	72
24	(consultative adj3 triad).tw.	0
25	exp Hypnosis/	434
26	portage project.tw.	0
27	or/17-26	5735
28	and/9,16,27	28

DARE, CDSR
IC_Q14_psychological_CDSRDARE_160109

#	Searches	Results
1	INFANT.kw.	858
2	infan$.tw,tx.	1585
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw,tx.	996
4	(baby or babies).tw,tx.	777
5	CHILD.kw.	1243
6	child$.tw,tx.	4085
7	ADOLESCENT.kw.	811
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw,tx.	1422
9	or/1-8	4792
10	CONSTIPATION.kw.	27
11	constipat$.ti.	21
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw,tx.	53
13	ENCOPRESIS.kw.	6
14	FECAL IMPACTION.kw.	1
15	coprostasis.tw,tx.	0
16	or/10-15	74
17	(psychotherapy or cognitive therapy or psychoanalytic therapy or psychotherapeutic processes).kw.	422
18	cognitive behavio?r$ therap$.tw,tx.	386
19	CBT.tw,tx.	194
20	Family Therapy.kw.	35
21	((systemic or family) adj3 therap$).tw,tx.	370
22	(psychodynamic adj3 psychotherap$).tw,tx.	42
23	(consultative adj3 triad).tw,tx.	0
24	Hypnosis.tw.	135
25	portage project.tw,tx.	0
26	or/17-25	966
27	and/9,16,26	5

EMBASE 1980 to 2009 Week 03
IC_Q14_psychological_EMBASE_190109

#	Searches	Results
1	exp NEWBORN/	180096
2	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	97583
3	exp CHILD/	627359
4	infan$.tw.	171256
5	(baby or babies).tw.	27584
6	child$.tw.	488737
7	exp CHILDHOOD/	15688
8	exp ADOLESCENCE/	25877
9	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	87445
10	or/1-9	1047383
11	CONSTIPATION/	26810
12	constipat$.ti.	2713
13	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	797
14	encopresis.tw.	347
15	FECES IMPACTION/	464
16	coprostasis.tw.	17
17	or/11-16	27828
18	cognitive therapy/	15588
19	cognitive behavio?r$ therap$.tw.	4579
20	CBT.tw.	2544
21	family therapy/	4687
22	((systemic or family) adj3 therap$).tw.	12589
23	psychotherapy/	36625
24	psychodynamic psychotherap$.tw.	473
25	psychotherapeutic process$.tw.	218
26	portage project.tw.	0
27	consultative triad.tw.	0
28	hypnosis/	6418
29	or/18-28	68044
30	and/10,17,29	155

PsycINFO 1967 to January Week 3 2009
IC_Q14_psychological_PSYCINFO_190109

#	Searches	Results
1	child$.tw.	358454
2	infan$.tw.	49146
3	(baby or babies).tw.	7102
4	adolescen$.tw.	115926
5	teenage$.tw.	7090
6	youth$.tw.	34852
7	young person.tw.	423
8	young people.tw.	9074
9	youngster$.tw.	2240
10	or/1-9	474144
11	constipation/	152
12	constipat$.tw.	665
13	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	31
14	fecal incontinence/	458
15	(encopresis or coprostasis).tw.	481
16	or/11-15	1261
17	cognitive behavior therapy/ or cognitive therapy/	14583
18	CBT.tw.	3363
19	family therapy/	15549
20	((systemic or family) adj3 therap$).tw.	15914
21	psychodynamic psychotherapy/	1110
22	portage project.tw.	6
23	consultative triad.tw.	2
24	hypnotherapy/	3615
25	or/17-24	39224
26	and/10,16,25	48
27	and/16,25	72
28	limit 27 to (100 childhood or 120 neonatal or 140 infancy or 160 preschool age or 180 school age or 200 adolescence )	54
29	or/26,28	63

Cinahl Ebsco
IC_Q14_psychological_CINAHL_190109

Friday, January 23, 2009 4:11:51 AM

#	Query	Limiters/Expanders	Last Run Via	Results
S48	S11 and S26 and S47	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	2
S47	S27 or S28 or S30 or S31 or S32 or S33 or S34 or S35 or S36 or S39 or S40 or S41 or S42 or S46	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	12049
S46	(MH “Hypnosis”)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	1038
S45	AB consultative N3 triad	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	0
S44	TI consultative N3 triad	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	0
S43	AB portage N3 project	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	0
S42	TI portage N3 project	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	1
S41	MH PSYCHOTHERAPY	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	5111
S40	AB psychotherapeutic*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	447
S39	TI psychotherapeutic*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	112
S38	AB psychodynamic ADJ3 psychotherap*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	0
S37	TI psychodynamic ADJ3 psychotherap*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	0
S36	AB systemic N3 therap*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	680
S35	TI systemic N3 therap*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	163
S34	MH FAMILY THERAPY	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	1285
S33	AB CBT	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	562
S32	TI CBT	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	155
S31	AB cognitive behavior* therap*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	565
S30	TI cognitive behavior* therap*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	286
S29	AB cognitive behaviour* therap*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	526
S28	TI cognitive behaviour* therap*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	298
S27	MH COGNITIVE THERAPY	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	3982
S26	S25 or S24 or S23 or S22 or S19 or S18 or S17 or S16 or S15 or S14 or S13 or S12	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S25	AB feces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S24	TI feces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S23	AB faeces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S22	TI faeces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S21	AB coprostasis	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S20	TI coprostasis	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S19	AB encopresis	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S18	TI encopresis	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S17	MH FECES, IMPACTED	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S16	AB bowel movement*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S15	TI bowel movement*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S14	AB constipat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S13	TI constipat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S12	MH CONSTIPATION	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S11	S10 or S9 or S8 or S7 or S6 or S5 or S4 or S3 or S2 or S1	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S10	(AB adolescen) OR (AB teenager)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S9	(TI adolescen) OR (TI teenager)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S8	MH ADOLESCENCE+	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S7	(TI child) OR (AB child)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S6	(AB baby) OR (AB babies)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S5	(TI baby) OR (TI babies)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S4	(AB newborn) OR (AB neonate)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S3	(TI newborn) OR (TI neonate)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S2	(TI infan) OR (AB infan)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S1	MH CHILD+	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display

PICO question:

What is the prevalence of hypothyroidism in children with chronic constipation? Or what proportion of children who have chronic constipation have hypothyroidism?

Patients/Population

Neonates (newborns), infants and all children up to their 18th birthday with chronic constipation

Intervention (test)

Hypothyroidism or underactive thyroid or congenital hypothyroidism or cretinism or acquired hypothyroidism
Thyroid function tests
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or TSH test
Thyroxine (T4) or serum Thyroxine (T4) or T4 test or total T4 or free thyroxine (fT4)
Triiodothyronine (T3) or serum Triiodothyronine (T3) or total T3 or T3 test or free triiodothyronine (fT3)
RT3 - Reverse T3
TPO- Thyroperoxidase
Tgab- Thyroglobulin antibodies

Control

N.A

Outcomes

Incidence/prevalence of hypothyroidism

Study designs:

All study designs, except case reports

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to January Week 3 2009
IC_prevalence_hypothyroidism_MEDLINE_300109

#	Searches	Results
1	exp INFANT/	774374
2	infan$.tw.	251960
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	136135
4	(baby or babies).tw.	38480
5	exp CHILD/	1252240
6	child$.tw.	712354
7	ADOLESCENT/	1256566
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	111959
9	or/1-8	2488195
10	CONSTIPATION/	7928
11	constipat$.ti.	3312
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	835
13	ENCOPRESIS/	547
14	FECAL IMPACTION/	726
15	coprostasis.tw.	22
16	or/10-15	9572
17	INCIDENCE/ or PREVALENCE/	226139
18	exp HYPOTHYROIDISM/ep [Epidemiology]	1217
19	(prevalen$ or inciden$ or occur$ or frequen* or epidemiology$).tw.	2204118
20	or/17-19	2264781
21	exp HYPOTHYROIDISM/	24421
22	(underactive adj3 thyroid).tw.	7
23	(hypothyroid$ or cretin$).tw.	21281
24	exp THYROID FUNCTION TESTS/	16225
25	thyroid?stimulating hormone.tw.	10
26	TSH.tw.	20028
27	THYROXINE/	29665
28	T4 test.tw.	28
29	TRIIODOTHYRONINE/ or TRIIODOTHYRONINE, REVERSE/	21650
30	T3 test.tw.	42
31	IODIDE PEROXIDASE/ or THYROGLOBULIN/	9128
32	or/21-31	87006
33	and/9,16,32	11

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 4th Quarter 2008
IC_prevalence_hypothyroidism_CCTR_300109

#	Searches	Results
1	exp INFANT/	17712
2	infan$.tw.	12147
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	4271
4	(baby or babies).tw.	1673
5	exp CHILD/	29922
6	child$.tw.	33306
7	ADOLESCENT/	55610
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	4947
9	or/1-8	96852
10	CONSTIPATION/	526
11	constipat$.ti.	420
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	149
13	ENCOPRESIS/	23
14	FECAL IMPACTION/	7
15	coprostasis.tw.	0
16	or/10-15	813
17	INCIDENCE/ or PREVALENCE/	6208
18	exp HYPOTHYROIDISM/ep [Epidemiology]	9
19	(prevalen$ or inciden$ or occur$ or frequen* or epidemiology$).tw.	100702
20	or/17-19	102113
21	exp HYPOTHYROIDISM/	215
22	(underactive adj3 thyroid).tw.	0
23	(hypothyroid$ or cretin$).tw.	398
24	exp THYROID FUNCTION TESTS/	441
25	thyroid?stimulating hormone.tw.	1
26	TSH.tw.	889
27	THYROXINE/	641
28	T4 test.tw.	0
29	TRIIODOTHYRONINE/ or TRIIODOTHYRONINE, REVERSE/	447
30	T3 test.tw.	1
31	IODIDE PEROXIDASE/ or THYROGLOBULIN/	99
32	or/21-31	1805
33	and/9,16,32	0

DARE, CDSR
IC_prevalence_hypothyroidism_CDSRDARE_300109

#	Searches	Results
1	INFANT.kw.	858
2	infan$.tw,tx.	1585
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw,tx.	996
4	(baby or babies).tw,tx.	777
5	CHILD.kw.	1243
6	child$.tw,tx.	4085
7	ADOLESCENT.kw.	811
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw,tx.	1422
9	or/1-8	4792
10	CONSTIPATION.kw.	27
11	constipat$.ti.	21
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw,tx.	53
13	ENCOPRESIS.kw.	6
14	FECAL IMPACTION.kw.	1
15	coprostasis.tw,tx.	0
16	or/10-15	74
17	(INCIDENCE or PREVALENCE).kw.	245
18	HYPOTHYROIDISM.kw.	9
19	(prevalen$ or inciden$ or occur$ or frequen* or epidemiology$).tw.	8296
20	or/17-19	8299
21	HYPOTHYROIDISM.kw.	9
22	(underactive adj3 thyroid).tw,tx.	1
23	(hypothyroid$ or cretin$).tw,tx.	72
24	THYROID FUNCTION TESTS.kw.	1
25	thyroid?stimulating hormone.tw,tx.	0
26	TSH.tw,tx.	27
27	THYROXINE.kw.	22
28	T4 test.tw,tx.	0
29	(TRIIODOTHYRONINE or TRIIODOTHYRONINE, REVERSE).kw.	7
30	T3 test.tw,tx.	0
31	(IODIDE PEROXIDASE or THYROGLOBULIN).kw.	1
32	or/21-31	92
33	and/9,16,32	2

EMBASE 1980 to 2009 Week 04
IC_prevalence_hypothyroidism_EMBASE_300109

#	Searches	Results
1	exp NEWBORN/	180232
2	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	97693
3	exp CHILD/	628031
4	infan$.tw.	171462
5	(baby or babies).tw.	27616
6	child$.tw.	489379
7	exp CHILDHOOD/	15705
8	exp ADOLESCENCE/	25909
9	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	87630
10	or/1-9	1048614
11	CONSTIPATION/	26879
12	constipat$.ti.	2717
13	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	799
14	encopresis.tw.	347
15	FECES IMPACTION/	465
16	coprostasis.tw.	17
17	or/11-16	27899
18	exp HYPOTHYROIDISM/	20692
19	(underactive adj3 thyroid).tw.	3
20	(hypothyroid$ or cretin$).tw.	16260
21	THYROID FUNCTION TEST/	2606
22	thyroid?stimulating hormone.tw.	13
23	TSH.tw.	16747
24	exp THYROXINE BLOOD LEVEL/	5757
25	THYROXINE 5' DEIODINASE/ or THYROXINE DEIODINASE/	986
26	THYROGLOBULIN ANTIBODY/	1631
27	T4 test.tw.	8
28	T3 test.tw.	9
29	THYROXINE/	22686
30	or/18-29	52042
31	and/10,17,30	63
32	PREVALENCE/	143867
33	INCIDENCE/	102108
34	(prevalen$ or inciden$ or occur$ or frequen$).tw.	1849745
35	or/32-34	1908840
36	and/31,35	24

Cinahl Ebsco
IC_prevalence_hypothyroidism_CINAHL_300109

Friday, January 30, 2009 10:42:59 AM

#	Query	Limiters/Expanders	Last Run Via	Results
S44	S8 and S27 and S43	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	0
S43	S28 or S29 or S30 or S31 or S32 or S33 or S34 or S35 or S36 or S37 or S38 or S39 or S40 or S41 or S42	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	2606
S42	thyroglobulin N3 antibo*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	12
S41	thyroperoxidase	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	8
S40	T3 N3 test*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	15
S39	triiodothyronine	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	132
S38	T4 N3 test*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	8
S37	thyroxine	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	693
S36	MH THYROXINE	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	544
S35	TSH	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	222
S34	thyroid-stimulating hormone*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	248
S33	MH THYROID FUNCTION TESTS+	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	1147
S32	acquired N3 hypothyroidism	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	6
S31	cretin*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	6
S30	congenital N3 hypothyroidism	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	87
S29	underactive N3 thyroid*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	7
S28	MH HYPOTHYROIDISM+	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	1088
S27	S9 or S10 or S11 or S12 or S13 or S14 or S15 or S16 or S17 or S18 or S19 or S20 or S21 or S22 or S23 or S24 or S25 or S26	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	1722
S26	infrequent* N3 feces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S25	infrequent* N3 faeces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S24	infrequent* N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S23	infrequent N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S22	irregular N3 feces*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S21	irregular N3 faeces*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S20	irregular N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S19	irregular N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S18	delay* N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S17	delay* N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S16	delay* N3 faeces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S15	delay* N3 feces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S14	difficult* N3 feces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S13	difficult* N3 faeces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S12	difficult* N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S11	difficult* N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S10	TI constipat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S9	MH CONSTIPATION	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S8	S1 or S2 or S3 or S4 or S5 or S6 or S7	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S7	adolescen* or teenage*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S6	MH ADOLESCENCE+	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S5	child*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S4	baby or babies	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S3	newborn* OR neonate*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S2	infant*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S1	MH CHILD+	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display

PICO question:

What is the prevalence of coeliac disease in children with chronic constipation? Or what proportion of children who have chronic constipation have coeliac disease?

Patients/Population

Neonates (newborns), infants and all children up to their 18th birthday with chronic constipation

Intervention (test)

Coeliac disease, other names: coeliac sprue, gluten allergy, gluten intolerance
Coeliac disease serology
Total serum IgA
Tissue transglutaminase antibody (tTGA) or IgA based tissue transglutaminase antibody (tTGA)
Endomysial antibody(EMA) or anti-endomysial antibody(EMA)
Human-tissue transglutaminase IgG
Anti-gliadin IgG antibodies

Control

N.A

Outcomes

Incidence/prevalence of coeliac disease

Study designs:

All study designs, except case reports

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to January Week 3 2009
IC_prevalence_coeliac_MEDLINE_030209

#	Searches	Results
1	exp INFANT/	774374
2	infan$.tw.	251960
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	136135
4	(baby or babies).tw.	38480
5	exp CHILD/	1252240
6	child$.tw.	712354
7	ADOLESCENT/	1256566
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	111959
9	or/1-8	2488195
10	CONSTIPATION/	7928
11	constipat$.ti.	3312
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	835
13	ENCOPRESIS/	547
14	FECAL IMPACTION/	726
15	coprostasis.tw.	22
16	or/10-15	9572
17	INCIDENCE/ or PREVALENCE/	226139
18	(prevalen$ or inciden$ or occur$ or frequen$ or epidemiolog$ or comorbid$).tw.	2285309
19	or/17-18	2341763
20	Celiac Disease/	11784
21	(coeliac$ or celiac$).tw.	14375
22	(gluten adj3 (allerg$ or intoleran$ or enteropath$)).tw.	954
23	WHEAT HYPERSENSITIVITY/	105
24	exp IMMUNOGLOBULIN A/	30129
25	IgA DEFICIENCY/	1367
26	(IgA adj3 deficienc$).tw.	1506
27	exp TRANSGLUTIMINASES/	0
28	tTGA.tw.	43
29	(endomysial adj3 antibod$).tw.	346
30	EMA.tw.	2560
31	exp IMMUNOGLOBULIN G/	102919
32	IgG DEFICIENCY/	759
33	anti-gliadin IgG antibodies.tw.	2
34	or/20-33	137110
35	and/9,16,34	20

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 4th Quarter 2008
IC_prevalence_coeliac_CCTR_030209

#	Searches	Results
1	exp INFANT/	17712
2	infan$.tw.	12147
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	4271
4	(baby or babies).tw.	1673
5	exp CHILD/	29922
6	child$.tw.	33306
7	ADOLESCENT/	55610
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	4947
9	or/1-8	96852
10	CONSTIPATION/	526
11	constipat$.ti.	420
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	149
13	ENCOPRESIS/	23
14	FECAL IMPACTION/	7
15	coprostasis.tw.	0
16	or/10-15	813
17	INCIDENCE/ or PREVALENCE/	6208
18	(prevalen$ or inciden$ or occur$ or frequen$ or epidemiolog$ or comorbid$).tw.	102866
19	or/17-18	104230
20	Celiac Disease/	136
21	(coeliac$ or celiac$).tw	176
22	(gluten adj3 (allerg$ or intoleran$ or enteropath$)).tw.	7
23	WHEAT HYPERSENSITIVITY/	3
24	exp IMMUNOGLOBULIN A/	577
25	IgA DEFICIENCY/	5
26	(IgA adj3 deficienc$).tw.	16
27	exp TRANSGLUTIMINASES/	0
28	tTGA.tw.	0
29	(endomysial adj3 antibod$).tw.	6
30	EMA.tw.	22
31	exp IMMUNOGLOBULIN G/	2163
32	IgG DEFICIENCY/	5
33	anti-gliadin IgG antibodies.tw.	0
34	or/20-33	2660
35	and/9,16,34	0

DARE, CDSR
IC_prevalence_coeliac_CDSRDARE_030209

#	Searches	Results
1	INFANT.kw.	858
2	infan$.tw,tx.	1585
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw,tx.	996
4	(baby or babies).tw,tx.	777
5	CHILD.kw.	1243
6	child$.tw,tx.	4085
7	ADOLESCENT.kw.	811
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw,tx.	1422
9	or/1-8	4792
10	CONSTIPATION.kw.	27
11	constipat$.ti.	21
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw,tx.	53
13	ENCOPRESIS.kw.	6
14	FECAL IMPACTION.kw.	1
15	coprostasis.tw,tx.	0
16	or/10-15	74
17	(INCIDENCE or PREVALENCE).kw.	245
18	(prevalen$ or inciden$ or occur$ or frequen$ or epidemiolog$ or comorbid$).tw,tx.	8416
19	or/17-18	8416
20	Celiac Disease.kw.	4
21	coeliac$.tw,tx.	25
22	(gluten adj3 (allerg$ or intoleran$ or enteropath$)).tw,tx.	2
23	WHEAT HYPERSENSITIVITY.kw.	0
24	IMMUNOGLOBULIN A.kw.	50
25	IgA DEFICIENCY.kw.	0
26	(IgA adj3 deficienc$).tw.	3
27	TRANSGLUTIMINASES.kw.	0
28	tTGA.tw,tx.	0
29	(endomysial adj3 antibod$).tw,tx.	1
30	EMA.tw,tx.	7
31	IMMUNOGLOBULIN G.kw.	21
32	IgG DEFICIENCY.kw.	0
33	anti-gliadin IgG antibodies.tw,tx.	0
34	or/20-33	84
35	and/9,16,34	0

EMBASE 1980 to 2009 Week 05
IC_prevalence_coeliac_EMBASE_030209

#	Searches	Results
1	exp NEWBORN/	180328
2	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	97754
3	exp CHILD/	628521
4	infan$.tw.	171567
5	(baby or babies).tw.	27643
6	child$.tw.	489801
7	exp CHILDHOOD/	15709
8	exp ADOLESCENCE/	25936
9	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	87749
10	or/1-9	1049460
11	CONSTIPATION/	26927
12	constipat$.ti.	2720
13	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	801
14	encopresis.tw.	348
15	FECES IMPACTION/	465
16	coprostasis.tw.	17
17	or/11-16	27948
18	CELIAC DISEASE/	8839
19	(coeliac$ or celiac$).tw.	11650
20	(gluten adj3 (allerg$ or intoleran$ or enteropath$)).tw.	749
21	IMMUNOGLOBULIN A/ or IMMUNOGLOBULIN a1/ or IMMUNOGLOBULIN a2/ or IMMUNOGLOBULIN g/ or IMMUNOGLOBULIN g1/ or IMMUNOGLOBULIN g2/ or IMMUNOGLOBULIN g3/ or IMMUNOGLOBULIN g4/ or IMMUNOGLOBULIN g2a/ or IMMUNOGLOBULIN g2b/	74067
22	IMMUNOGLOBULIN A DEFICIENCY/ or IMMUNOGLOBULIN DEFICIENCY G/	1088
23	(IgA adj3 deficienc$).tw.	1081
24	PROTEIN GLUTAMINE GAMMA GLITAMULTRANSFERASE ANTIBODY/	0
25	tTGA.tw.	45
26	ENDOMYOSIUM ANTIBODY/	0
27	EMA.tw.	2335
28	IgG.tw.	73654
29	GLIADIN ANTIBODY/	1036
30	or/18-29	125709
31	and/10,17,30	52
32	PREVALENCE/	144157
33	INCIDENCE/	102278
34	(prevalen$ or inciden$ or occur$ or frequen$ or epidemiolog$ or comorbid$).tw.	1942707
35	or/32-34	1997458
36	and/31,35	25

Cinahl Ebsco
IC_prevalence_coeliac_CINAHL_030209

Tuesday, February 03, 2009 9:24:06 AM

#	Query	Limiters/Expanders	Last Run Via	Results
S43	S8 and S27 and S42	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	6
S42	(S28 or S29 or S30 or S31 or S32 or S33 or S34 or S35 or S36 or S37 or S38 or S39 or S40 or S41)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	6148
S41	tTGA	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	1
S40	anti-gliadin IgG antibod*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	0
S39	IgG	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	1166
S38	EMA	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	87
S37	endomysial antibod*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	21
S36	transglutaminase*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	67
S35	IgA N2 deficien*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	34
S34	immunoglobulin*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	4649
S33	wheat N1 hypersensitiv*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	1
S32	gluten N3 enteropath*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	27
S31	gluten N3 intoleran*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	24
S30	gluten N3 allerg*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	5
S29	coeliac* or celiac*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	1009
S28	MH CELIAC DISEASE	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	852
S27	S9 or S10 or S11 or S12 or S13 or S14 or S15 or S16 or S17 or S18 or S19 or S20 or S21 or S22 or S23 or S24 or S25 or S26	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S26	infrequent* N3 feces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S25	infrequent* N3 faeces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S24	infrequent* N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S23	infrequent N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S22	irregular N3 feces*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S21	irregular N3 faeces*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S20	irregular N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S19	irregular N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S18	delay* N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S17	delay* N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S16	delay* N3 faeces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S15	delay* N3 feces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S14	difficult* N3 feces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S13	difficult* N3 faeces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S12	difficult* N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S11	difficult* N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S10	TI constipat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S9	MH CONSTIPATION	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S8	S1 or S2 or S3 or S4 or S5 or S6 or S7	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S7	adolescen* or teenage*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S6	MH ADOLESCENCE+	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S5	child*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S4	baby or babies	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S3	newborn* OR neonate*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S2	infant*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S1	MH CHILD+	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display

PICO question:

What is the diagnostic value of the rectal biopsy in diagnosing idiopathic constipation in newborns, infants and children?

Patients/Population

Neonates (newborns), infants and all children up to their 18th birthday with chronic idiopathic

Intervention/test

Rectal biopsy or anorectal biopsy or rectal suction biopsy

Control

Digital rectal examination
Abdominal palpation
Abdominal ultrasound
Abdominal X-ray
Transit time
Rectal manometry
Gastrointestinal endoscopy

Outcomes

Diagnosis of constipation
Accurate diagnosis of constipation
Differential diagnosis of constipation
Sensitivity, specificity
Diagnostic value
Diagnostic accuracy
Positive predictive value
Negative predictive value

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to February Week 2 2009
IC_dx_rectalbiopsy_medline_200209

#	Searches	Results
1	exp INFANT/	776323
2	infan$.tw.	253468
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	136777
4	(baby or babies).tw.	38726
5	exp CHILD/	1260626
6	child$.tw.	718701
7	ADOLESCENT/	1265359
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	113254
9	or/1-8	2504069
10	CONSTIPATION/	7975
11	constipat$.ti.	3338
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	841
13	ENCOPRESIS/	549
14	FECAL IMPACTION/	729
15	coprostasis.tw.	22
16	or/10-15	9626
17	exp Biopsy/	157364
18	Rectum/	24705
19	and/17-18	1822
20	((rectal or anorectal or rectum or anal or anus) adj3 biops$).tw.	2007
21	or/19-20	3252
22	and/9,16,21	110
23	((rectal or anorectal or rectum or anal or anus) adj2 biops$).tw.	1720
24	or/19,23	3011
25	and/9,16,24	101

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 1st Quarter 2009
IC_dx_rectalbiopsy_cctr_200209

#	Searches	Results
1	exp INFANT/	17921
2	infan$.tw.	12323
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	4338
4	(baby or babies).tw.	1696
5	exp CHILD/	30320
6	child$.tw.	33908
7	ADOLESCENT/	56381
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	5132
9	or/1-8	98374
10	CONSTIPATION/	537
11	constipat$.ti.	424
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	153
13	ENCOPRESIS/	23
14	FECAL IMPACTION/	7
15	coprostasis.tw.	0
16	or/10-15	826
17	exp Biopsy/	2802
18	Rectum/	879
19	and/17-18	82
20	((rectal or anorectal or rectum or anal or anus) adj3 biops$).tw.	117
21	or/19-20	174
22	and/9,16,21	2
23	((rectal or anorectal or rectum or anal or anus) adj2 biops$).tw.	107
24	or/19,23	164
25	and/9,16,24	2

DARE, CDSR
IC_dx_rectalbiopsy_cdsrdare_200209

#	Searches	Results
1	INFANT.kw.	871
2	infan$.tw,tx.	1591
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw,tx.	1006
4	(baby or babies).tw,tx.	779
5	CHILD.kw.	1285
6	child$.tw,tx.	4012
7	ADOLESCENT.kw.	844
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw,tx.	1456
9	or/1-8	4778
10	CONSTIPATION.kw.	29
11	constipat$.ti.	21
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw,tx.	53
13	ENCOPRESIS.kw.	6
14	FECAL IMPACTION.kw.	1
15	coprostasis.tw,tx.	0
16	or/10-15	76
17	Biopsy.kw.	50
18	Rectum.kw.	73
19	and/17-18	1
20	((rectal or anorectal or rectum or anal or anus) adj3 biops$).tw,tx.	6
21	or/19-20	7
22	and/9,16,21	1
23	((rectal or anorectal or rectum or anal or anus) adj2 biops$).tw,tx.	5
24	or/19,23	6
25	and/9,16,24	1

EMBASE 1980 to 2009 Week 08
IC_dx_rectalbiopsy_embase_200209

#	Searches	Results
1	child$.tw.	491944
2	infan$.tw.	172141
3	(baby or babies).tw.	27751
4	adolescen$.tw.	84601
5	teenage$.tw.	8062
6	youth$.tw.	15601
7	young person.tw.	339
8	young people.tw.	7453
9	youngster$.tw.	1215
10	or/1-9	680850
11	constipation/	27146
12	constipat$.tw.	9628
13	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	803
14	fecal incontinence/	6073
15	(encopresis or coprostasis).tw.	366
16	or/11-15	34325
17	rectum biopsy/	1957
18	((rectal or anorectal or rectum or anal or anus) adj3 biops$).tw.	1582
19	or/17-18	2752
20	and/10,16,19	134

Cinahl Ebsco
IC_dx_rectalbiopsy_cinahl_200209

Tuesday, February 24, 2009 5:14:21 AM

#	Query	Limiters/Expanders	Last Run Via	Results
S40	S8 and S30 and S39	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	4
S39	S33 or S34 or S35 or S36 or S37 or S38	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S38	anal N3 biops*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S37	anus N3 biops*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S36	rectum N3 biops*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S35	anorectal N3 biops*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S34	rectal N3 biops*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S33	S31 and S32	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S32	MH RECTUM+	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S31	MH BIOPSY+	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S30	S9 or S10 or S11 or S12 or S13 or S14 or S15 or S16 or S17 or S18 or S19 or S20 or S21 or S22 or S23 or S24 or S25 or S26 or S27 or S28 or S29	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S29	coprostasis	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S28	MH FECES, IMPACTED	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S27	encopresis	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S26	infrequent* N3 feces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S25	infrequent* N3 faeces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S24	infrequent* N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S23	infrequent N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S22	irregular N3 feces*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S21	irregular N3 faeces*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S20	irregular N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S19	irregular N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S18	delay* N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S17	delay* N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S16	delay* N3 faeces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S15	delay* N3 feces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S14	difficult* N3 feces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S13	difficult* N3 faeces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S12	difficult* N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S11	difficult* N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S10	TI constipat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S9	MH CONSTIPATION	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S8	S1 or S2 or S3 or S4 or S5 or S6 or S7	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S7	adolescen* or teenage*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S6	MH ADOLESCENCE+	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S5	child*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S4	baby or babies	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S3	newborn* OR neonate*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S2	infant*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S1	MH CHILD+	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display

PICO question:

What is the diagnostic value of the gastrointestinal endoscopy in diagnosing constipation in newborns, infants and children?

Patients/Population

Neonates (newborns), infants and all children up to their 18th birthday

Intervention/test

Gastrointestinal endoscopy or gastroscopy

Control

Digital rectal examination
Abdominal palpation
Abdominal ultrasound
Abdominal X-ray
Transit time
Rectal manometry
Rectal biopsy

Outcomes

Diagnosis of constipation
Accurate diagnosis of constipation
Differential diagnosis of constipation
Sensitivity, specificity
Diagnostic value
Diagnostic accuracy
Positive predictive value
Negative predictive value

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to February Week 2 2009
IC_dx_gastroscopy_medline_200209

#	Searches	Results
1	exp INFANT/	776323
2	infan$.tw.	253468
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	136777
4	(baby or babies).tw.	38726
5	exp CHILD/	1260626
6	child$.tw.	718701
7	ADOLESCENT/	1265359
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	113254
9	or/1-8	2504069
10	CONSTIPATION/	7975
11	constipat$.ti.	3338
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	841
13	ENCOPRESIS/	549
14	FECAL IMPACTION/	729
15	coprostasis.tw.	22
16	or/10-15	9626
17	exp ENDOSCOPY, GASTROINTESTINAL/ or GASTROSCOPY/	40045
18	gastroscop$.tw.	4020
19	(gastrointestinal adj2 endoscop$).tw.	4260
20	(endoscop$ adj2 (gut or colon or intestin$ or stomach or abdomen)).tw.	720
21	or/17-20	44483
22	and/9,16,21	43

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 1st Quarter 2009
IC_dx_gastroscopy_cctr_200209

#	Searches	Results
1	exp INFANT/	17921
2	infan$.tw.	12323
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	4338
4	(baby or babies).tw.	1696
5	exp CHILD/	30320
6	child$.tw.	33908
7	ADOLESCENT/	56381
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	5132
9	or/1-8	98374
10	CONSTIPATION/	537
11	constipat$.ti.	424
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	153
13	ENCOPRESIS/	23
14	FECAL IMPACTION/	7
15	coprostasis.tw.	0
16	or/10-15	826
17	exp ENDOSCOPY, GASTROINTESTINAL/ or GASTROSCOPY/	2113
18	gastroscop$.tw.	370
19	(gastrointestinal adj2 endoscop$).tw.	427
20	(endoscop$ adj2 (gut or colon or intestin$ or stomach or abdomen)).tw.	86
21	or/17-20	2635
22	and/9,16,21	1

DARE, CDSR
IC_dx_gastroscopy_cdsrdare_200209

#	Searches	Results
1	INFANT.kw.	871
2	infan$.tw,tx.	1591
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw,tx.	1006
4	(baby or babies).tw,tx.	779
5	CHILD.kw.	1285
6	child$.tw,tx.	4012
7	ADOLESCENT.kw.	844
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw,tx.	1456
9	or/1-8	4778
10	CONSTIPATION.kw.	29
11	constipat$.ti.	21
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw,tx.	53
13	ENCOPRESIS.kw.	6
14	FECAL IMPACTION.kw.	1
15	coprostasis.tw,tx.	0
16	or/10-15	76
17	(ENDOSCOPY, GASTROINTESTINAL or GASTROSCOPY).kw.	30
18	gastroscop$.tw,tx.	9
19	(gastrointestinal adj2 endoscop$).tw,tx.	60
20	(endoscop$ adj2 (gut or colon or intestin$ or stomach or abdomen)).tw,tx.	16
21	or/17-20	76
22	and/9,16,21	0

EMBASE 1980 to 2009 Week 08
IC_dx_gastroscopy_embase_200209

#	Searches	Results
1	exp NEWBORN/	180776
2	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	98080
3	exp CHILD/	630795
4	infan$.tw.	172141
5	(baby or babies).tw.	27751
6	child$.tw.	491944
7	exp CHILDHOOD/	15741
8	exp ADOLESCENCE/	26036
9	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	88194
10	or/1-9	1053377
11	CONSTIPATION/	27146
12	constipat$.ti.	2731
13	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	803
14	encopresis.tw.	349
15	FECES IMPACTION/	471
16	coprostasis.tw.	17
17	or/11-16	28171
18	exp gastrointestinal endoscopy/	39431
19	gastroscop$.tw.	2777
20	(gastrointestinal adj2 endoscop$).tw.	5099
21	(endoscop$ adj2 (gut or colon or intestin$ or stomach or abdomen)).tw.	688
22	or/18-21	42829
23	and/10,17,22	106

Cinahl Ebsco
IC_dx_gastroscopy_cinahl_200209

Tuesday, February 24, 2009 6:21:40 AM

#	Query	Limiters/Expanders	Last Run Via	Results
S40	S8 and S30 and S39	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	3
S39	S31 or S32 or S33 or S34 or S35 or S36 or S37 or S38	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S38	endoscop* N2 abdomen	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S37	endoscop* N2 intestin*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S36	endoscop* N2 colon	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S35	endoscop* N2 gut	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S34	gastrointestinal N2 endoscop*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S33	gastroscop*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S32	MH GASTROSCOPY	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S31	MH ENDOSCOPY, GASTROINTESTINAL	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S30	S9 or S10 or S11 or S12 or S13 or S14 or S15 or S16 or S17 or S18 or S19 or S20 or S21 or S22 or S23 or S24 or S25 or S26 or S27 or S28 or S29	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S29	coprostasis	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S28	MH FECES, IMPACTED	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S27	encopresis	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S26	infrequent* N3 feces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S25	infrequent* N3 faeces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S24	infrequent* N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S23	infrequent N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S22	irregular N3 feces*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S21	irregular N3 faeces*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S20	irregular N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S19	irregular N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S18	delay* N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S17	delay* N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S16	delay* N3 faeces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S15	delay* N3 feces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S14	difficult* N3 feces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S13	difficult* N3 faeces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S12	difficult* N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S11	difficult* N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S10	TI constipat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S9	MH CONSTIPATION	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S8	S1 or S2 or S3 or S4 or S5 or S6 or S7	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S7	adolescen* or teenage*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S6	MH ADOLESCENCE+	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S5	child*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S4	baby or babies	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S3	newborn* OR neonate*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S2	infant*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S1	MH CHILD+	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display

PICO question:

What is the effectiveness of offering information and support in addition to “usual care” in improving constipation in neonates, infants and all children up to their 18th birthday diagnosed with chronic idiopathic constipation?

Patients/Population

Neonates (newborns), infants and all children up to their 18th birthday diagnosed with chronic idiopathic constipation

Intervention/Exposure

health information or health education
advice or information or education
support or regular support or follow-up

the previous can be combined with the following terms

nurse led clinics
written information or handout/leaflet
help-line
web based intervention or internet intervention
telephone support
face to face / additional appointments

Control

“Usual care” alone i.e. Without additional support or information

Outcomes

Changes in frequency of bowel movements
Changes in stools consistency/appearance
Changes in pain/difficulty on passing stools
Changes in frequency of episodes of soiling
Reduction in laxatives use
Parent/child views/satisfaction or Quality of Life
Adherence to management programme
Reduced A+E attendance / inappropriate medical attendance /utilisation e.g. reduced manual evacuation, investigations, etc.

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to March Week 3 2009
IC_infosupport_medline_260309

#	Searches	Results
1	exp INFANT/	778783
2	infan$.tw.	255031
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	137581
4	(baby or babies).tw.	39027
5	exp CHILD/	1268619
6	child$.tw.	724507
7	ADOLESCENT/	1276367
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	114649
9	or/1-8	2521956
10	CONSTIPATION/	8038
11	constipat$.ti.	3365
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	851
13	ENCOPRESIS/	550
14	FECAL IMPACTION/	733
15	coprostasis.tw.	22
16	or/10-15	9700
17	HEALTH EDUCATION/ or PATIENT EDUCATION AS TOPIC/	97466
18	(advice or advise or information or education).tw.	650173
19	(support or follow?up).tw.	414530
20	nurse led.tw.	924
21	(patient$ adj3 (leaflet$ or handout$ or information)).tw.	17393
22	HOTLINES/	1698
23	help line$.tw.	64
24	INTERNET/	28890
25	((internet or web) adj based).tw.	7028
26	TELEPHONE/	7139
27	(telephone adj2 support).tw.	230
28	face to face.tw.	5802
29	(additional adj (support or appointment$)).tw.	2353
30	or/17-29	1101011
31	and/9,16,30	251

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 1st Quarter 2009
IC_infosupport_cctr_260309

#	Searches	Results
1	exp INFANT/	17921
2	infan$.tw.	12323
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	4338
4	(baby or babies).tw.	1696
5	exp CHILD/	30320
6	child$.tw.	33908
7	ADOLESCENT/	56381
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	5132
9	or/1-8	98374
10	CONSTIPATION/	537
11	constipat$.ti.	424
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	153
13	ENCOPRESIS/	23
14	FECAL IMPACTION/	7
15	coprostasis.tw.	0
16	or/10-15	826
17	HEALTH EDUCATION/ or PATIENT EDUCATION AS TOPIC/	5434
18	(advice or advise or information or education).tw.	21020
19	(support or follow?up).tw.	18226
20	nurse led.tw.	194
21	(patient$ adj3 (leaflet$ or handout$ or information)).tw.	1428
22	HOTLINES/	55
23	help line$.tw.	5
24	INTERNET/	498
25	((internet or web) adj based).tw.	450
26	TELEPHONE/	713
27	(telephone adj2 support).tw.	122
28	face to face.tw.	457
29	(additional adj (support or appointment$)).tw.	95
30	or/17-29	40088
31	and/9,16,30	10

DARE, CDSR
IC_infosupport_CDSRDARE_260309

#	Searches	Results
1	INFANT.kw.	878
2	infan$.tw,tx.	1626
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw,tx.	1024
4	(baby or babies).tw,tx.	803
5	CHILD.kw.	1293
6	child$.tw,tx.	4116
7	ADOLESCENT.kw.	848
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw,tx.	1467
9	or/1-8	4879
10	CONSTIPATION.kw.	30
11	constipat$.ti.	23
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw,tx.	58
13	ENCOPRESIS.kw.	6
14	FECAL IMPACTION.kw.	1
15	coprostasis.tw,tx.	0
16	or/10-15	81
17	(HEALTH EDUCATION or PATIENT EDUCATION AS TOPIC).kw.	367
18	(advice or advise or information or education).tw,tx.	13840
19	(support or follow?up).tw,tx.	6314
20	nurse led.tw,tx.	54
21	(patient$ adj3 (leaflet$ or handout$ or information)).tw,tx.	817
22	HOTLINES.kw.	2
23	help line$.tw,tx.	13
24	INTERNET.kw.	23
25	((internet or web) adj based).tw,tx.	125
26	TELEPHONE.kw.	22
27	(telephone adj2 support).tw,tx.	45
28	face to face.tw,tx.	148
29	(additional adj (support or appointment$)).tw,tx.	31
30	or/17-29	14276
31	and/9,16,30	44

EMBASE 1980 to 2009 Week 12
IC_infosupport_embase_260309

#	Searches	Results
1	exp NEWBORN/	181286
2	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	98486
3	exp CHILD/	633322
4	infan$.tw.	172768
5	(baby or babies).tw.	27862
6	child$.tw.	494024
7	exp CHILDHOOD/	15786
8	exp ADOLESCENCE/	26128
9	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	88636
10	or/1-9	1057589
11	CONSTIPATION/	27429
12	constipat$.ti.	2750
13	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	805
14	encopresis.tw.	351
15	FECES IMPACTION/	476
16	coprostasis.tw.	17
17	or/11-16	28459
18	HEALTH EDUCATION/ or HEALTH PROMOTION/ or NUTRITION EDUCATION/ or PATIENT EDUCATION/	75549
19	(advice or advise or information or education).tw.	492685
20	(support or follow?up).tw.	348376
21	FOLLOW UP/	281087
22	nurse led.tw.	504
23	(patient$ adj3 (leaflet$ or handout$ or information)).tw.	14244
24	TELEPHONE/	9552
25	help line$.tw.	54
26	hotline$.tw.	326
27	INFORMATION SERVICE/	2202
28	INTERNET/	28364
29	((internet or web) adj based).tw.	5088
30	(telephone adj2 support).tw.	159
31	face to face.tw.	4838
32	(additional adj (support or appointment$)).tw.	2025
33	or/18-32	1123841
34	and/10,17,33	804

Cinahl Ebsco
IC_infosupport_cinahlebsco_260309_2

Friday, March 27, 2009 8:31:03 AM

#	Query	Limiters/Expanders	Last Run Via	Results
S50	S8 and S48 and S49	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	135
S49	S9 or S10 or S11 or S12 or S13 or S14 or S15 or S16 or S17 or S18 or S19 or S20 or S21 or S22 or S23 or S24 or S25 or S26 or S27 or S28 or S29	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	1847
S48	(S30 or S31 or S32 or S33 or S34 or S35 or S36 or S37 or S38 or S39 or S40 or S41 or S42 or S43 or S44 or S45 or S46 or S47)	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	491336
S47	additional N2 appointment*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	12
S46	additional N2 support	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	477
S45	face to face	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	2547
S44	telephone N2 support	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	200
S43	web based	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	2216
S42	internet based	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	676
S41	MH INTERNET+	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	46186
S40	help line*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	225
S39	MH TELEPHONE INFORMATION SERVICES	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	1584
S38	patient* N3 information	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	5890
S37	patient* N3 handout*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	120
S36	patient* N3 leaflet*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	143
S35	nurse led	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	1287
S34	MH AFTER CARE	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	3010
S33	support or follow up	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	136972
S32	advice* or advise* or information* or education*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	381478
S31	MH PATIENT EDUCATION	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	28297
S30	MH HEALTH EDUCATION	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	9136
S29	coprostasis	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S28	MH FECES, IMPACTED	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S27	encopresis	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S26	infrequent* N3 feces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S25	infrequent* N3 faeces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S24	infrequent* N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S23	infrequent N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S22	irregular N3 feces*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S21	irregular N3 faeces*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S20	irregular N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S19	irregular N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S18	delay* N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S17	delay* N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S16	delay* N3 faeces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S15	delay* N3 feces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S14	difficult* N3 feces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S13	difficult* N3 faeces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S12	difficult* N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S11	difficult* N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S10	TI constipat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S9	MH CONSTIPATION	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S8	S1 or S2 or S3 or S4 or S5 or S6 or S7	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S7	adolescen* or teenage*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S6	MH ADOLESCENCE+	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S5	child*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S4	baby or babies	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S3	newborn* OR neonate*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S2	infant*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S1	MH CHILD+	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display

PICO question:

What is the effectiveness of rectal manometry for ongoing treatment of children up to their 18th birthday with chronic idiopathic constipation?

Patients/Population

Neonates (newborns), infants and all children up to their 18th birthday diagnosed with idiopathic constipation

Intervention/Exposure

Rectal manometry or anorectal manometry

Control

No intervention
Usual management (however defined)

Outcomes

Changes in frequency of bowel movements
Changes in stools consistency/appearance
Changes in pain/difficulty on passing stools
Changes in frequency of episodes of soiling
Reduction in laxative
Parent/child views/satisfaction or Quality of Life

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to April Week 1 2009
IC_rectalmanometry_medline_140409

#	Searches	Results
1	exp INFANT/	780048
2	infan$.tw.	256276
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	138163
4	(baby or babies).tw.	39239
5	exp CHILD/	1274204
6	child$.tw.	728544
7	ADOLESCENT/	1281315
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	115337
9	or/1-8	2532403
10	CONSTIPATION/	8081
11	constipat$.ti.	3382
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	859
13	ENCOPRESIS/	550
14	FECAL IMPACTION/	735
15	coprostasis.tw.	22
16	or/10-15	9751
17	MANOMETRY/	16002
18	ANAL CANAL/ or RECTUM/	32177
19	and/17-18	1859
20	((anal or anus or rectal or rectum) adj3 manometry).tw.	652
21	or/19-20	2127
22	and/9,16,21	233

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 1st Quarter 2009
IC_rectalmanometry_cctr_140409

#	Searches	Results
1	exp INFANT/	17921
2	infan$.tw.	12323
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	4338
4	(baby or babies).tw.	1696
5	exp CHILD/	30320
6	child$.tw.	33908
7	ADOLESCENT/	56381
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	5132
9	or/1-8	98374
10	CONSTIPATION/	537
11	constipat$.ti.	424
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	153
13	ENCOPRESIS/	23
14	FECAL IMPACTION/	7
15	coprostasis.tw.	0
16	or/10-15	826
17	MANOMETRY/	732
18	ANAL CANAL/ or RECTUM/	1117
19	and/17-18	135
20	((anal or anus or rectal or rectum) adj3 manometry).tw.	87
21	or/19-20	188
22	and/9,16,21	15

DARE, CDSR
IC_rectalmanometry_cdsrdare_140409

#	Searches	Results
1	INFANT.kw.	878
2	infan$.tw,tx.	1626
3	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw,tx.	1024
4	(baby or babies).tw,tx.	803
5	CHILD.kw.	1293
6	child$.tw,tx.	4116
7	ADOLESCENT.kw.	848
8	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw,tx.	1467
9	or/1-8	4879
10	CONSTIPATION.kw.	30
11	constipat$.ti.	23
12	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw,tx.	58
13	ENCOPRESIS.kw.	6
14	FECAL IMPACTION.kw.	1
15	coprostasis.tw,tx.	0
16	or/10-15	81
17	MANOMETRY.kw.	5
18	(ANAL CANAL or RECTUM).kw.	87
19	and/17-18	3
20	((anal or anus or rectal or rectum) adj3 manometry).tw,tx.	5
21	or/19-20	8
22	and/9,16,21	1

EMBASE 1980 to 2009 Week 15
IC_rectalmanometry_embase_140409

#	Searches	Results
1	exp NEWBORN/	181696
2	(newborn$ or neonate$).tw.	98794
3	exp CHILD/	635334
4	infan$.tw.	173270
5	(baby or babies).tw.	27953
6	child$.tw.	495727
7	exp CHILDHOOD/	15817
8	exp ADOLESCENCE/	26206
9	(adolescen$ or teenager$).tw.	88999
10	or/1-9	1060921
11	CONSTIPATION/	27565
12	constipat$.ti.	2754
13	((difficult$ or delay$ or irregular$ or infrequen$ or pain$) adj3 (defecat$ or stool$ or faeces or feces or bowel movement$)).tw.	807
14	encopresis.tw.	353
15	FECES IMPACTION/	478
16	coprostasis.tw.	17
17	or/11-16	28598
18	MANOMETRY/	5426
19	ANORECTAL PRESSURE/	2124
20	((anal or anus or rectal or rectum) adj3 manometry).tw.	617
21	or/18-20	7282
22	and/10,17,21	270

Cinahl Ebsco
IC_rectalmanometry_cinahl_140409

Tuesday, April 14, 2009 6:51:25 AM

#	Query	Limiters/Expanders	Last Run Via	Results
S37	S8 and S30 and S36	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	42
S36	S31 or S32 or S33 or S34 or S35	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	58442
S35	rectum N3 manometry	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	2
S34	rectal N3 manometry	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	7
S33	anus N3 manometry	Search modes - SmartText Searching	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	58442
S32	anal N3 manometry	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	15
S31	MH MANOMETRY	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	484
S30	S9 or S10 or S11 or S12 or S13 or S14 or S15 or S16 or S17 or S18 or S19 or S20 or S21 or S22 or S23 or S24 or S25 or S26 or S27 or S28 or S29	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S29	coprostasis	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S28	MH FECES, IMPACTED	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S27	encopresis	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Advanced Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S26	infrequent* N3 feces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S25	infrequent* N3 faeces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S24	infrequent* N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S23	infrequent N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S22	irregular N3 feces*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S21	irregular N3 faeces*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S20	irregular N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S19	irregular N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S18	delay* N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S17	delay* N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S16	delay* N3 faeces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S15	delay* N3 feces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S14	difficult* N3 feces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S13	difficult* N3 faeces	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S12	difficult* N3 stool*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S11	difficult* N3 defecat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S10	TI constipat*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S9	MH CONSTIPATION	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S8	S1 or S2 or S3 or S4 or S5 or S6 or S7	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S7	adolescen* or teenage*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S6	MH ADOLESCENCE+	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S5	child*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S4	baby or babies	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S3	newborn* OR neonate*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S2	infant*	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display
S1	MH CHILD+	Search modes - Boolean/Phrase	Interface - EBSCOhost Search Screen - Basic Search Database - CINAHL with Full Text	Display

Appendix ISearch Strategies

What is the diagnostic value of the history taking and the physical examination in diagnosing chronic idiopathic constipation in newborns, infants and children?

What is the diagnostic value of digital rectal examination in idiopathic constipation?

What is the effectiveness of excluding cow's milk and goat's milk protein in the treatment of idiopathic constipation?

What is the diagnostic value of abdominal ultrasound in idiopathic constipation? What is the diagnostic value of abdominal x-ray in idiopathic constipation? What is the diagnostic value of transit time with radiological markers in idiopathic constipation?

What is the effectiveness of pharmacological/surgical interventions in achieving disimpaction/maintenance in children with idiopathic constipation?

What is the effectiveness of pharmacological/surgical interventions in achieving disimpaction/maintenance in children with idiopathic constipation? Economic search

What are the adverse effects of the long-term use of laxatives in children with constipation?

What are the adverse effects of the long-term use of laxatives in children with constipation? Economic search

What is the effectiveness of dietary and lifestyle modifications in improving constipation in neonates, infants and all children up to their 18th birthday diagnosed with idiopathic constipation?

What is the effectiveness of complementary therapies in improving constipation in neonates, infants and all children up to their 18th birthday diagnosed with idiopathic constipation?

What is the effectiveness of massage in improving constipation in neonates, infants and all children up to their 18th birthday diagnosed with idiopathic constipation?

What is the effectiveness of behavioural interventions in improving constipation in neonates, infants and all children up to their 18th birthday diagnosed with idiopathic constipation?

What is the effectiveness of psychological interventions in improving constipation in neonates, infants and all children up to their 18th birthday diagnosed with idiopathic constipation?

What is the prevalence of hypothyroidism in children with chronic constipation?

What is the prevalence of coeliac disease in children with chronic constipation?

What is the diagnostic value of the rectal biopsy in diagnosing idiopathic constipation in newborns, infants and children?

What is the diagnostic value of the gastrointestinal endoscopy in diagnosing idiopathic constipation in newborns, infants and children?

What is the effectiveness of offering information and support in addition to usual care in improving constipation in children up to their 18th birthday diagnosed with chronic idiopathic constipation?

What is the effectiveness of rectal manometry for ongoing treatment of children up to their 18th birthday with chronic idiopathic constipation?

Publication Details

Copyright

Publisher

NLM Citation

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to August Week 3 2009IC_historytaking_medline_160709

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 3rd Quarter 2009IC_historytaking_CCTR_170709

DARE, CDSRIC_historytaking_CSTRDARE_170709

EMBASE 1980 to 2009 Week 35IC_historytaking_Embase_170709

CINAHL EbscoIC_historytaking_Cinahl_170709

Ovid MEDLINE 1950 to April Week 5 2008IC_dre_medline_090508

Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 1st Quarter 2008IC_dre_cctr_090508

CDSR, DAREIC_dre_cdsrdare_090508

EMBASE 1980 to 2008 Week 19IC_dre_embase_090508

CINAHL - Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature 1982 to May Week 1 2008IC_dre_cinahl_090508

Cinahl EbscoIC_dre_cinahl_090508

Ovid MEDLINE 1950 to April Week 5 2008IC_exclude_milk_medline_120508

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 1st Quarter 2008IC_exclude_milk_cctr_120508

CDSR, DAREIC_exclude_milk_cdsrdare_120508

EMBASE 1980 to 2008 Week 19IC_exclude_milk_embase_120508

CINAHL - Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature 1982 to May Week 1 2008IC_exclude_milk_cinahl_120508

Cinahl EbscoIC_exclude_milk_cinahl_ebsco_120508

Ovid MEDLINE 1950 to June Week 1 2008IC_ultrasound_radiography_transit_time_medline_130608

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 2nd Quarter 2008IC_ultrasound_radiography_transit_time_cctr_130608

CDSR, DAREIC_ultrasound_radiography_transit_time_cdsrdare_130608

EMBASE 1980 to 2008 Week 24IC_ultrasound_radiography_transit_time_embase_130608

CINAHL - Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature 1982 to June Week 1 2008IC_ultrasound_radiography_transit_time_cinahl_130608

Cinahl EbscoIC_ultrasound_radiography_transit_time_cinahl_130608

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to July Week 4 2008IC_disimpaction_maintain_pharm_surg_medline_050808

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 3rd Quarter 2008IC_disimpaction_maintain_pharm_surg_cctr_050808

CDSR, DAREIC_disimpaction_maintain_pharm_surg_cdsrdare_050808

EMBASE 1980 to 2008 Week 31IC_disimpaction_maintain_pharm_surg_embase_050808

CINAHL - Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature 1982 to August Week 1 2008IC_disimpaction_maintain_pharm_surg_cinahl_050808

Cinahl EbscoIC_disimpaction_maintain_pharm_surg_cinahl_050808_8

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to September Week 3 2008IC_disimpaction_maintain_pharm_surg_economic_medline_260908

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 3rd Quarter 2008IC_disimpaction_maintain_pharm_surg_economic_cctr_260908

EBM Reviews - Health Technology Assessment 3rd Quarter 2008IC_disimpaction_maintain_pharm_surg_economic_hta_260908

EBM Reviews - NHS Economic Evaluation Database 3rd Quarter 2008IC_disimpaction_maintain_pharm_surg_economic_NHSEED_260908

EMBASE 1980 to 2008 Week 38IC_disimpaction_maintain_pharm_surg_economic_embase_260908

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to August Week 2 2008IC_adv_longterm_laxatives_medline_260808

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 3rd Quarter 2008IC_adv_longterm_laxatives_CCTR_260808

DARE, CDSRIC_adv_longterm_laxatives_CDSRDARE_260808

EMBASE 1980 to 2008 Week 34IC_adv_longterm_laxatives_embase_260808

CINAHL - Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature 1982 to August Week 4 2008IC_adv_longterm_laxatives_cinahl_260808

Cinahl EbscoIC_adv_longterm_laxatives_cinahl_260808_C

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to September Week 3 2008IC_adv_longterm_laxatives_economic_medline_260808

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 3rd Quarter 2008IC_adv_longterm_laxatives_economics_CCTR_260808

EBM Reviews - Health Technology Assessment 3rd Quarter 2008IC_adv_longterm_laxatives_economics_hta_260808

EBM Reviews - Health Technology Assessment 3rd Quarter 2008IC_adv_longterm_laxatives_economics_hta_260808

EMBASE 1980 to 2008 Week 38IC_adv_longterm_laxatives_economics_embase_260808

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to September Week 2 2008IC_Q8_dietlife_medline_220908

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 3rd Quarter 2008IC_Q8_dietlife_cctr_220908

DARE, CDSRIC_Q8_dietlife_cdsrdare_220908

EMBASE 1980 to 2008 Week 38IC_Q8_dietlife_embase_220908

CINAHL - Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature 1982 to September Week 3 2008IC_Q8_dietlife_cinahl_220908

Cinahl EbscoIC_Q8_dietlife_cinahl_ebsco_220908

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to November Week 3 2008IC_Q15_comptherapies_medline_271108

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 4th Quarter 2008IC_Q15_comptherapies_cctr_271108

DARE, CDSRIC_Q15_comptherapies_cdsrdare_271108

EMBASE 1980 to 2008 Week 48IC_Q15_comptherapies_embase_271108

CINAHL - Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature 1982 to November Week 3 2008IC_Q15_comptherapies_cinahl_271108

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to August Week 3 2009
IC_historytaking_medline_160709

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 3rd Quarter 2009
IC_historytaking_CCTR_170709

DARE, CDSR
IC_historytaking_CSTRDARE_170709

EMBASE 1980 to 2009 Week 35
IC_historytaking_Embase_170709

CINAHL Ebsco
IC_historytaking_Cinahl_170709

Ovid MEDLINE 1950 to April Week 5 2008
IC_dre_medline_090508

Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 1st Quarter 2008
IC_dre_cctr_090508

CDSR, DARE
IC_dre_cdsrdare_090508

EMBASE 1980 to 2008 Week 19
IC_dre_embase_090508

CINAHL - Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature 1982 to May Week 1 2008
IC_dre_cinahl_090508

Cinahl Ebsco
IC_dre_cinahl_090508

Ovid MEDLINE 1950 to April Week 5 2008
IC_exclude_milk_medline_120508

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 1st Quarter 2008
IC_exclude_milk_cctr_120508

CDSR, DARE
IC_exclude_milk_cdsrdare_120508

EMBASE 1980 to 2008 Week 19
IC_exclude_milk_embase_120508

CINAHL - Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature 1982 to May Week 1 2008
IC_exclude_milk_cinahl_120508

Cinahl Ebsco
IC_exclude_milk_cinahl_ebsco_120508

Ovid MEDLINE 1950 to June Week 1 2008
IC_ultrasound_radiography_transit_time_medline_130608

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 2nd Quarter 2008
IC_ultrasound_radiography_transit_time_cctr_130608

CDSR, DARE
IC_ultrasound_radiography_transit_time_cdsrdare_130608

EMBASE 1980 to 2008 Week 24
IC_ultrasound_radiography_transit_time_embase_130608

CINAHL - Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature 1982 to June Week 1 2008
IC_ultrasound_radiography_transit_time_cinahl_130608

Cinahl Ebsco
IC_ultrasound_radiography_transit_time_cinahl_130608

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to July Week 4 2008
IC_disimpaction_maintain_pharm_surg_medline_050808

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 3rd Quarter 2008
IC_disimpaction_maintain_pharm_surg_cctr_050808

CDSR, DARE
IC_disimpaction_maintain_pharm_surg_cdsrdare_050808

EMBASE 1980 to 2008 Week 31
IC_disimpaction_maintain_pharm_surg_embase_050808

CINAHL - Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature 1982 to August Week 1 2008
IC_disimpaction_maintain_pharm_surg_cinahl_050808

Cinahl Ebsco
IC_disimpaction_maintain_pharm_surg_cinahl_050808_8

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to September Week 3 2008
IC_disimpaction_maintain_pharm_surg_economic_medline_260908

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 3rd Quarter 2008
IC_disimpaction_maintain_pharm_surg_economic_cctr_260908

EBM Reviews - Health Technology Assessment 3rd Quarter 2008
IC_disimpaction_maintain_pharm_surg_economic_hta_260908

EBM Reviews - NHS Economic Evaluation Database 3rd Quarter 2008
IC_disimpaction_maintain_pharm_surg_economic_NHSEED_260908

EMBASE 1980 to 2008 Week 38
IC_disimpaction_maintain_pharm_surg_economic_embase_260908

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to August Week 2 2008
IC_adv_longterm_laxatives_medline_260808

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 3rd Quarter 2008
IC_adv_longterm_laxatives_CCTR_260808

DARE, CDSR
IC_adv_longterm_laxatives_CDSRDARE_260808

EMBASE 1980 to 2008 Week 34
IC_adv_longterm_laxatives_embase_260808

CINAHL - Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature 1982 to August Week 4 2008
IC_adv_longterm_laxatives_cinahl_260808

Cinahl Ebsco
IC_adv_longterm_laxatives_cinahl_260808_C

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to September Week 3 2008
IC_adv_longterm_laxatives_economic_medline_260808

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 3rd Quarter 2008
IC_adv_longterm_laxatives_economics_CCTR_260808

EBM Reviews - Health Technology Assessment 3rd Quarter 2008
IC_adv_longterm_laxatives_economics_hta_260808

EBM Reviews - Health Technology Assessment 3rd Quarter 2008
IC_adv_longterm_laxatives_economics_hta_260808

EMBASE 1980 to 2008 Week 38
IC_adv_longterm_laxatives_economics_embase_260808

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to September Week 2 2008
IC_Q8_dietlife_medline_220908

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 3rd Quarter 2008
IC_Q8_dietlife_cctr_220908

DARE, CDSR
IC_Q8_dietlife_cdsrdare_220908

EMBASE 1980 to 2008 Week 38
IC_Q8_dietlife_embase_220908

CINAHL - Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature 1982 to September Week 3 2008
IC_Q8_dietlife_cinahl_220908

Cinahl Ebsco
IC_Q8_dietlife_cinahl_ebsco_220908

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to November Week 3 2008
IC_Q15_comptherapies_medline_271108

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 4th Quarter 2008
IC_Q15_comptherapies_cctr_271108

DARE, CDSR
IC_Q15_comptherapies_cdsrdare_271108

EMBASE 1980 to 2008 Week 48
IC_Q15_comptherapies_embase_271108

CINAHL - Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature 1982 to November Week 3 2008
IC_Q15_comptherapies_cinahl_271108

Cinahl Ebsco
IC_Q15_comptherapies_cinahl_271108

AMED (Allied and Complementary Medicine) 1985 to August 2009
IC_Q15_comptherapies _AMED_111208 (search strategy saved on 12^th August 2009)

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to February Week 1 2009
IC_Q15_comptherapies_medline_babymassage_160209

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 1st Quarter 2009
IC_Q15_comptherapies_cctr_babymassage_160209

DARE, CDSR
IC_Q15_comptherapies_cdsrdare_babymassage_160209

EMBASE 1980 to 2009 Week 07
IC_Q15_comptherapies_embase_babymassage_160209

Cinahl Ebsco
IC_Q15_comptherapies_cinahl_babymassage_160209

PsycINFO 1967 to February Week 2 2009
IC_Q15_comptherapies_PSYCINFO_babymassage_160209

AMED (Allied and Complementary Medicine) 1985 to February 2009
IC_Q15_comptherapies_AMED_babymassage_160209

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to January Week 2 2009
IC_Q14_behavioural_MEDLINE_160109

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 4th Quarter 2008
IC_Q14_behavioural_CCTR_160109

DARE, CDSR
IC_Q14_behavioural_CDSRDARE_160109

EMBASE 1980 to 2009 Week 03
IC_Q14_behavioural_EMBASE_160109

Cinahl Ebsco
IC_Q14_behavioural_CINAHL_160109

PsycINFO 1967 to January Week 3 2009
IC_Q14_behavioural_PSYCINFO_160109

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to January Week 2 2009
IC_Q14_psychological_MEDLINE_160109

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 4th Quarter 2008
IC_Q14_psychological_CCTR_160109

DARE, CDSR
IC_Q14_psychological_CDSRDARE_160109

EMBASE 1980 to 2009 Week 03
IC_Q14_psychological_EMBASE_190109

PsycINFO 1967 to January Week 3 2009
IC_Q14_psychological_PSYCINFO_190109

Cinahl Ebsco
IC_Q14_psychological_CINAHL_190109

Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to January Week 3 2009
IC_prevalence_hypothyroidism_MEDLINE_300109

EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 4th Quarter 2008
IC_prevalence_hypothyroidism_CCTR_300109

DARE, CDSR
IC_prevalence_hypothyroidism_CDSRDARE_300109