List of Excluded and Background Studies

Bradley S. Peterson; Joey Trampush; Margaret Maglione; Maria Bolshakova; Morah Brown; Mary Rozelle; Aneesa Motala; Sachi Yagyu; Jeremy Miles; Sheila Pakdaman; Mario Gastelum; Bich Thuy (Becky) Nguyen; Erin Tokutomi; Esther Lee; Jerusalem Z. Belay; Coleman Schaefer; Benjamin Coughlin; Karin Celosse; Sreya Molakalapalli; Brittany Shaw; Tanzina Sazmin; Anne N. Onyekwuluje; Danica Tolentino; Susanne Hempel

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Peterson BS, Trampush J, Maglione M, et al. ADHD Diagnosis and Treatment in Children and Adolescents [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2024 Mar. (Comparative Effectiveness Review, No. 267.)

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ADHD Diagnosis and Treatment in Children and Adolescents [Internet].

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Appendix BList of Excluded and Background Studies

This appendix shows the list of excluded studies with reasons for exclusion. We only recorded one reason per publication.

Excluded Studies

1.: Use of methylphenidate for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Mental Health Committee, Canadian Paediatric Society. Cmaj. 1990 Apr 15;142(8):817–8. PMID: 2322913. Design [PMC free article: PMC1451911] [PubMed: 2322913]
2.: A 14-month randomized clinical trial of treatment strategies for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The MTA Cooperative Group. Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999 Dec;56(12):1073–86. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.56.12.1073. PMID: 10591283. Duplicate [PubMed: 10591283] [CrossRef]
3.: National Institute of Mental Health Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD follow-up: changes in effectiveness and growth after the end of treatment. Pediatrics. 2004 Apr;113(4):762–9. doi: 10.1542/peds.113.4.762. PMID: 15060225. Duplicate [PubMed: 15060225] [CrossRef]
4.: Randomized, controlled, crossover trial of methylphenidate in pervasive developmental disorders with hyperactivity. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005 Nov;62(11):1266–74. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.62.11.1266. PMID: 16275814. Population [PubMed: 16275814] [CrossRef]
5.: The pharmacological treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescents is effective and relatively safe. Drugs and Therapy Perspectives. 2007;23(11):9–12. doi: 10.2165/00042310-200723110-00003. Design [CrossRef]
6.: Guanfacine effective for attention-deficit/hyerpactivity disorder, but side effects are significant. Journal of the National Medical Association. 2008;100(5):579–80. doi: 10.1016/S0027-9684(15)31311-0. Design [CrossRef]
7.: ADHD medications may be linked to sudden unexplained death. Formulary. 2009;44(7):192. Design
8.: St John’s wort and ADHD in children and adolescents. Australian Journal of Pharmacy. 2009;90(1066):79. Design
9.: Increasing prevalence of parent-reported attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder among children -- United States, 2003 and 2007. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2010 Nov 12;59(44):1439–43. [pii]. PMID: 21063274. Outcome [PubMed: 21063274]
10.: Corrigendum: Cigarette Smoking Progression Among Young Adults Diagnosed With ADHD in Childhood: A 16-year Longitudinal Study of Children With and Without ADHD. Nicotine Tob Res. 2019 Sep 19;21(10):1449. doi: 10.1093/ntr/nty260. PMID: 30615186. Intervention [PMC free article: PMC6751513] [PubMed: 30615186] [CrossRef]
11.: Effect of Vergence/Accommodative Therapy on Attention in Children with Convergence Insufficiency: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Optom Vis Sci. 2021 Mar 1;98(3):222–33. doi: 10.1097/opx.0000000000001659. PMID: 33771952. Population [PMC free article: PMC8639028] [PubMed: 33771952] [CrossRef]
12.: Azstarys (serdexmethylphenidate/dexmethylphenidate) for ADHD. Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2021 Oct 4;63(1634):157–9. PMID: 34550957. Design [PubMed: 34550957]
13.: Psychiatry Update 2022 Spring Abstract. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry. 2022;34(3). Design
14.: (CIHR) IHCCIoHR. Strongest Families Finland Canada: Family-based Prevention and Treatment Program of Early Childhood Disruptive Behavior. 2011. Outcome
15.: (NIMH) MGHNIoMH. Effectiveness of Atomoxetine in Treating ADHD Symptoms in Children and Adolescents With Autism. 2007. Population
16.: Aaronson B, Glick SN, Kirk CJ, et al. Assessment of Feasibility of Face Covering in School-Aged Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. JAMA Netw Open. 2021 May 3;4(5):e2110281. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.10281. PMID: 33999167. Intervention [PMC free article: PMC8129821] [PubMed: 33999167] [CrossRef]
17.: Abadi MS, Madgaonkar J, Venkatesan S. Effect of yoga on children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychological Studies. 2008;53:154–9. Power
18.: Abbas AK, Azemi G, Amiri S, et al. Effective connectivity in brain networks estimated using EEG signals is altered in children with ADHD. Comput Biol Med. 2021 Jul;134:104515. doi: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104515. PMID: 34126282. Intervention [PubMed: 34126282] [CrossRef]
19.: Abbas R, Palumbo D, Walters F, et al. Single-dose Pharmacokinetic Properties and Relative Bioavailability of a Novel Methylphenidate Extended-release Chewable Tablet Compared With Immediate-release Methylphenidate Chewable Tablet. Clin Ther. 2016 May;38(5):1151–7. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2016.02.026. PMID: 27021606. Population [PubMed: 27021606] [CrossRef]
20.: Abbasi S-H, Heidari S, Mohammadi M-R, et al. Acetyl-L-Carnitine as an Adjunctive Therapy in the Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents: A Placebo-Controlled Trial. Child Psychiatry and Human Development. 2011 06/01/;42(3):367–75. PMID: EJ923317. Duplicate [PubMed: 21336630]
21.: Abbey McClemont SF. Racial Disparities in Teacher Ratings of ADHD Symptoms and Behavior: A Systematic Review. PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020194385. 2020. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=194385. Outcome
22.: Abdekhodaie Z, Tabatabaei SM, Gholizadeh M. The investigation of ADHD prevalence in kindergarten children in northeast Iran and a determination of the criterion validity of Conners’ questionnaire via clinical interview. Res Dev Disabil. 2012 Mar–Apr;33(2):357–61. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2011.10.006. PMID: 22119681. Language [PubMed: 22119681] [CrossRef]
23.: Abdel Ghaffar HMGED, Abdelghaffar NK, Ahmed HH, et al. Study of serum neopterin in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autistic spectrum disorder: Fayoum Governorate, Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery. 2022;58(1). doi: 10.1186/s41983-022-00448-y. Intervention [CrossRef]
24.: Abdel Kader AA, Mohamed NA, El Sayed BB, et al. Continuous performance task in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder children. Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery. 2016;53(1):19–22. doi: 10.4103/1110-1083.176340. Intervention [CrossRef]
25.: Abdollahian E, Mokhber N, Balaghi A, et al. The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural play therapy on the symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children aged 7-9 years. Atten Defic Hyperact Disord. 2013 Mar;5(1):41–6. doi: 10.1007/s12402-012-0096-0. PMID: 23179507. Power [PubMed: 23179507] [CrossRef]
26.: Abdulhay E, Abdelhay A, Kilani A, et al. Development of arduino based low cost neuro-feedback applied to ADHD. Biomedical Research (India). 2016;2016:S31–S7. Intervention
27.: Abed M, Mansureh HH, Masoud GL, et al. Construction of Meta-Thinking Educational Program Based on Mental-Brain Simulation (MTMBS) and Evaluating its Effectiveness on Executive Functions, Emotion Regulation, and Impulsivity in Children With ADHD: A Resting-State Functional MRI Study. J Atten Disord. 2023 Feb 26:10870547231155436. doi: 10.1177/10870547231155436. PMID: 36843348. Power [PubMed: 36843348] [CrossRef]
28.: Abernethy LJ, Palaniappan M, Cooke RW. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in survivors of very low birth weight. Arch Dis Child. 2002 Oct;87(4):279–83. doi: 10.1136/adc.87.4.279. PMID: 12243993. Intervention [PMC free article: PMC1763037] [PubMed: 12243993] [CrossRef]
29.: Abhijit Dutta PFSGSSMK. Homeopathy in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020156564. 2020. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=156564. Design
30.: Abigail Russell DMASBDRHJKES-BLPTF. Synthesising the existing evidence for non-pharmacological interventions targeting outcomes relevant to young people with ADHD in the school setting: systematic review protocol. PROSPERO 2021 CRD42021233924. 2021. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=233924. Design
31.: Abikoff H, Arnold LE, Newcorn JH, et al. Emergency/Adjunct services and attrition prevention for randomized clinical trials in children: the MTA manual-based solution. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2002 May;41(5):498–504. doi: 10.1097/00004583-200205000-00006. PMID: 12014781. Design [PubMed: 12014781] [CrossRef]
32.: Abikoff H, McGough J, Vitiello B, et al. Sequential pharmacotherapy for children with comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity and anxiety disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2005 May;44(5):418–27. doi: 10.1097/01.chi.0000155320.52322.37. PMID: 15843763. Intervention [PubMed: 15843763] [CrossRef]
33.: Abikoff HB, Thompson M, Laver-Bradbury C, et al. Parent training for preschool ADHD: a randomized controlled trial of specialized and generic programs. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2015 Jun;56(6):618–31. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12346. PMID: 25318650. Duplicate [PMC free article: PMC4400193] [PubMed: 25318650] [CrossRef]
34.: Abikoff HB, Thompson M, Laver-Bradbury C, et al. Parent training for preschool ADHD: a randomized controlled trial of specialized and generic programs. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2015 Jun;56(6):618–31. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12346. PMID: 25318650. Duplicate [PMC free article: PMC4400193] [PubMed: 25318650] [CrossRef]
35.: Abo Elella E, Hassan GAM, Sabry W, et al. Trait emotional intelligence in a sample of Egyptian children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Child Adolesc Ment Health. 2017 Nov;22(4):216–23. doi: 10.1111/camh.12236. PMID: 32680413. Intervention [PubMed: 32680413] [CrossRef]
36.: Abou-Abdallah T, Guilé JM, Menusier C, et al. Cognitive and relationship correlates associated with Attention-Deficit-Disorders with/without hyperactivity. Neuropsychiatrie de l’Enfance et de l’Adolescence. 2010;58(5):293–7. doi: 10.1016/j.neurenf.2009.07.001. Intervention [CrossRef]
37.: Abrantes AM, Strong DR, Ramsey SE, et al. Substance use disorder characteristics and externalizing problems among inpatient adolescent smokers. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2005 Dec;37(4):391–9. doi: 10.1080/02791072.2005.10399812. PMID: 16480166. Intervention [PubMed: 16480166] [CrossRef]
38.: Ackermann S, Halfon O, Fornari E, et al. Cognitive Working Memory Training (CWMT) in adolescents suffering from Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A controlled trial taking into account concomitant medication effects. Psychiatry Res. 2018 Nov;269:79–85. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.07.036. PMID: 30145306. Power [PubMed: 30145306] [CrossRef]
39.: Acland EL, Jambon M, Malti T. Children’s emotion recognition and aggression: A multi-cohort longitudinal study. Aggress Behav. 2021 Aug 9. doi: 10.1002/ab.21989. PMID: 34369593. Intervention [PubMed: 34369593] [CrossRef]
40.: Adamis D, Tatlow-Golden M, Gavin B, et al. General practitioners’ (GP) attitudes and knowledge about attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Ireland. Ir J Med Sci. 2019 Feb;188(1):231–9. doi: 10.1007/s11845-018-1804-3. PMID: 29654530. Population [PubMed: 29654530] [CrossRef]
41.: Adamou M, Jones SL, Marks L, et al. Efficacy of Continuous Performance Testing in Adult ADHD in a Clinical Sample Using QbTest. J Atten Disord. 2022 Sep;26(11):1483–91. doi: 10.1177/10870547221079798. PMID: 35255743. Population [PubMed: 35255743] [CrossRef]
42.: Adams CD, Kelly ML, McCarthy M. The Adolescent Behavior Checklist: development and initial psychometric properties of a self-report measure for adolescents with ADHD. J Clin Child Psychol. 1997 Mar;26(1):77–86. doi: 10.1207/s15374424jccp2601_8. PMID: 9118178. Outcome [PubMed: 9118178] [CrossRef]
43.: Adams W. Lack of behavioral effects from Feingold diet violations. Percept Mot Skills. 1981 Feb;52(1):307–13. doi: 10.2466/pms.1981.52.1.307. PMID: 7232091. Intervention [PubMed: 7232091] [CrossRef]
44.: Adhvaryu KP, Karthikbabu S, Rao PT. Motor performance of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: focus on the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency. Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics. 2022;65(11):510–8. doi: 10.3345/cep.2021.00962. Intervention [PMC free article: PMC9650362] [PubMed: 36229026] [CrossRef]
45.: Adisetiyo V, Gray KM. Neuroimaging the neural correlates of increased risk for substance use disorders in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-A systematic review. Am J Addict. 2017 Mar;26(2):99–111. doi: 10.1111/ajad.12500. PMID: 28106934. Intervention [PubMed: 28106934] [CrossRef]
46.: Adisetiyo V, Gray KM, Jensen JH, et al. Brain iron levels in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder normalize as a function of psychostimulant treatment duration. Neuroimage Clin. 2019;24:101993. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101993. PMID: 31479897. Intervention [PMC free article: PMC6726915] [PubMed: 31479897] [CrossRef]
47.: Adjei AL, Chaudhary I, Kollins SH, et al. A Pharmacokinetic Study of Methylphenidate Hydrochloride Multilayer Extended-Release Capsules (Aptensio XR(®)) in Preschool-Aged Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Paediatr Drugs. 2020 Oct;22(5):561–70. doi: 10.1007/s40272-020-00409-z. PMID: 32776159. Timing [PMC free article: PMC7529626] [PubMed: 32776159] [CrossRef]
48.: Adler CM, Delbello MP, Mills NP, et al. Comorbid ADHD is associated with altered patterns of neuronal activation in adolescents with bipolar disorder performing a simple attention task. Bipolar Disord. 2005 Dec;7(6):577–88. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2005.00257.x. PMID: 16403183. Outcome [PubMed: 16403183] [CrossRef]
49.: Adler LA, Childress A, Cloutier M, et al. ED4 Economic Burden of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Among Children and Adolescents in the United States (US): A Societal Perspective. Value in Health. 2021;24:S6–S7. doi: 10.1016/j.jval.2021.04.034. Design [CrossRef]
50.: Adler LA, Dirks B, Deas PF, et al. Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in adults with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder who report clinically significant impairment in executive function: results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013 Jul;74(7):694–702. doi: 10.4088/JCP.12m08144. PMID: 23945447. Population [PubMed: 23945447] [CrossRef]
51.: Adler LA, Goodman DW, Kollins SH, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2008 Sep;69(9):1364–73. doi: 10.4088/jcp.v69n0903. PMID: 19012818. Population [PubMed: 19012818] [CrossRef]
52.: Adler LA, Liebowitz M, Kronenberger W, et al. Atomoxetine treatment in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and comorbid social anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2009;26(3):212–21. doi: 10.1002/da.20549. PMID: 19194995. Population [PubMed: 19194995] [CrossRef]
53.: Adler LA, Lynch LR, Shaw DM, et al. Medication adherence and symptom reduction in adults treated with mixed amphetamine salts in a randomized crossover study. Postgrad Med. 2011 Sep;123(5):71–9. doi: 10.3810/pgm.2011.09.2461. PMID: 21904088. Population [PubMed: 21904088] [CrossRef]
54.: Adler LA, Orman C, Starr HL, et al. Long-term safety of OROS methylphenidate in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: an open-label, dose-titration, 1-year study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2011 Feb;31(1):108–14. doi: 10.1097/JCP.0b013e318203ea0a. PMID: 21192153. Population [PubMed: 21192153] [CrossRef]
55.: Adra N, Cao A, Makris N, et al. Sensory Modulation Disorder and its Neural Circuitry in Adults with ADHD: A Pilot Study. Brain Imaging Behav. 2021 Apr;15(2):930–40. doi: 10.1007/s11682-020-00302-w. PMID: 32770315. Population [PMC free article: PMC10655817] [PubMed: 32770315] [CrossRef]
56.: Adriani W, Romano E, Pucci M, et al. Potential for diagnosis versus therapy monitoring of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A new epigenetic biomarker interacting with both genotype and auto-immunity. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2018 Feb 2018;27(2):241–52. Intervention [PubMed: 28822049]
57.: Aduen PA, Kofler MJ, Bradshaw CP, et al. The role of top-down attentional control and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in predicting future motor vehicle crash risk. Neuropsychology. 2020 Nov;34(8):894–905. doi: 10.1037/neu0000707. PMID: 33197201. Population [PMC free article: PMC8559792] [PubMed: 33197201] [CrossRef]
58.: Aduen PA, Kofler MJ, Sarver DE, et al. ADHD, depression, and motor vehicle crashes: A prospective cohort study of continuously-monitored, real-world driving. J Psychiatr Res. 2018 Jun;101:42–9. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.02.026. PMID: 29547761. Population [PMC free article: PMC5889746] [PubMed: 29547761] [CrossRef]
59.: Aebi M, Kuhn C, Banaschewski T, et al. The contribution of parent and youth information to identify mental health disorders or problems in adolescents. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health. 2017;11(1). doi: 10.1186/s13034-017-0160-9. Population [CrossRef]
60.: Aebi M, Winkler Metzke C, Steinhausen HC. Accuracy of the DSM-oriented attention problem scale of the child behavior checklist in diagnosing attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Atten Disord. 2010 Mar;13(5):454–63. doi: 10.1177/1087054708325739. PMID: 19372495. Language [PubMed: 19372495] [CrossRef]
61.: Aevi Genomic Medicine L, a Cerecor company, Inc C. PART A: Efficacy and Safety of AEVI-001 in Children and Adolescents With ADHD and With mGluR Mutations. 2017. Power
62.: Aflalo J, Caldani S, Acquaviva E, et al. Pilot study to explore poor visual searching capabilities in children with ADHD: a tablet-based computerized test battery study. Nord J Psychiatry. 2023 Jan 4:1–7. doi: 10.1080/08039488.2022.2162122. PMID: 36598162. Outcome [PubMed: 36598162] [CrossRef]
63.: Agarwal V, Sitholey P, Kumar S, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of clonidine in hyperactive children with mental retardation. Ment Retard. 2001 Aug;39(4):259–67. doi: 10.1352/0047-6765(2001)039<0259:Dbpcto>2.0.Co;2. PMID: 11448249. Power [PubMed: 11448249] [CrossRef]
64.: Aggarwal SS, Ott SD, Padhye NS, et al. Clinical and demographic predictors of concussion resolution in adolescents: A retrospective study. Appl Neuropsychol Child. 2019 Jan–Mar;8(1):50–60. doi: 10.1080/21622965.2017.1381099. PMID: 29058480. Intervention [PubMed: 29058480] [CrossRef]
65.: Aggarwal SS, Ott SD, Padhye NS, et al. Sex, race, ADHD, and prior concussions as predictors of concussion recovery in adolescents. Brain Inj. 2020 May 11;34(6):809–17. doi: 10.1080/02699052.2020.1740942. PMID: 32200661. Intervention [PubMed: 32200661] [CrossRef]
66.: Aggensteiner PM, Albrecht B, Strehl U, et al. Can Neurophysiological Markers of Anticipation and Attention predict ADHD severity and Neurofeedback Outcomes? Biol Psychol. 2021 Aug 17:108169. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108169. PMID: 34416347. Intervention [PubMed: 34416347] [CrossRef]
67.: Agha SS, Zammit S, Thapar A, et al. Maternal psychopathology and offspring clinical outcome: A four‑year follow‑up of boys with ADHD. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2017 Feb 2017;26(2):253–62. Intervention [PMC free article: PMC5306178] [PubMed: 27376657]
68.: Aghaee MH, Tarkhan M. A comparative study of effectiveness of medicinal therapy and combined therapy (cognitive–behavioral and drug) of students diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Bali Med J. 2017;6(1):82–9. Power
69.: Aghebati A, Gharraee B, Hakim Shoshtari M, et al. Triple p-positive parenting program for mothers of ADHD children. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2014 Spring;8(1):59–65. PMID: 24995031. Power [PMC free article: PMC4078694] [PubMed: 24995031]
70.: Agnew-Blais JC, Belsky DW, Caspi A, et al. Polygenic Risk and the Course of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder From Childhood to Young Adulthood: Findings From a Nationally Representative Cohort. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2021 Sep;60(9):1147–56. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2020.12.033. PMID: 33440202. Intervention [PMC free article: PMC8417462] [PubMed: 33440202] [CrossRef]
71.: Agnew-Blais JC, Polanczyk GV, Danese A, et al. Evaluation of the Persistence, Remission, and Emergence of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Young Adulthood. JAMA Psychiatry. 2016 Jul 1;73(7):713–20. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.0465. PMID: 27192174. Population [PMC free article: PMC5475268] [PubMed: 27192174] [CrossRef]
72.: Agnew-Blais JC, Polanczyk GV, Danese A, et al. Young adult mental health and functional outcomes among individuals with remitted, persistent and late-onset ADHD. Br J Psychiatry. 2018 Sep;213(3):526–34. doi: 10.1192/bjp.2018.97. PMID: 29957167. Intervention [PMC free article: PMC6098692] [PubMed: 29957167] [CrossRef]
73.: Agnew-Blais JC, Polanczyk GV, Danese A, et al. Are changes in ADHD course reflected in differences in IQ and executive functioning from childhood to young adulthood? Psychol Med. 2020 Dec;50(16):2799–808. doi: 10.1017/s0033291719003015. PMID: 31718730. Design [PubMed: 31718730] [CrossRef]
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78.: Ahlqvist G, Larsson JO, von Rosen T, et al. The Sävsjö-school-project: a cluster-randomized trial aimed at improving the literacy of beginners-achievements, mental health, school satisfaction and reading capacity at the end of grade three using an alternative school curriculum. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2019;13:27. doi: 10.1186/s13034-019-0285-0. PMID: 31285753. Population [PMC free article: PMC6591978] [PubMed: 31285753] [CrossRef]
79.: Ahmad SI, Meza JI, Posserud MB, et al. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptom Dimensions Differentially Predict Adolescent Peer Problems: Findings From Two Longitudinal Studies. Front Psychol. 2020;11:609789. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.609789. PMID: 33584444. Intervention [PMC free article: PMC7873893] [PubMed: 33584444] [CrossRef]
80.: Ahmadi N, Chaudhry S, Salam T, et al. A Randomized Controlled Feasibility Trial of Reminder-Focused Positive Psychiatry in Adolescents With Comorbid Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2020 Sep 3;22(5). doi: 10.4088/PCC.19m02579. PMID: 32898346. Power [PubMed: 32898346] [CrossRef]
81.: Ahmann PA, Theye FW, Berg R, et al. Placebo-controlled evaluation of amphetamine mixture-dextroamphetamine salts and amphetamine salts (Adderall): efficacy rate and side effects. Pediatrics. 2001 Jan;107(1):E10. doi: 10.1542/peds.107.1.e10. PMID: 11134474. Timing [PubMed: 11134474] [CrossRef]
82.: Ahmann PA, Waltonen SJ, Olson KA, et al. Placebo-controlled evaluation of Ritalin side effects. Pediatrics. 1993 Jun;91(6):1101–6. PMID: 8502509. Timing [PubMed: 8502509]
83.: Ahmed Aboalola N. The effectiveness of a mindfulness-based intervention on improving executive functions and reducing the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in young children. Appl Neuropsychol Child. 2023 Apr 27:1–9. doi: 10.1080/21622965.2023.2203321. PMID: 37105569. Population [PubMed: 37105569] [CrossRef]
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Peterson BS, Trampush J, Maglione M, et al. ADHD Diagnosis and Treatment in Children and Adolescents [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2024 Mar. (Comparative Effectiveness Review, No. 267.) Appendix B, List of Excluded and Background Studies.
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