Table 16, KQ2 summary of findings and strength of evidence for cognitive training - ADHD Diagnosis and Treatment in Children and Adolescents - NCBI Bookshelf

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Table 16KQ2 summary of findings and strength of evidence for cognitive training

Intervention and Comparison	Outcome	Number of Studies; Study Design and IDs	Findings	Reasons for Downgrading	SoE
KQ2 cognitive training vs control	Behavior	4 RCTs¹⁴⁸^, ²²⁹^, ²⁵⁸^, ⁵⁷⁸	Results favor intervention (SMD −0.43; CI −0.87, −0.00; 4 studies, n=267)	C, I	Low for benefit
KQ2 cognitive training vs control	Broadband measures	6 RCTs and CTs¹³⁹^, ²²²^, ³¹³^, ³⁶⁷^, ³⁷²^, ⁴⁵⁷	Results favor intervention (SMD 0.52; CI 0.07, 0.96; 6 studies, n=344; RR 0.96; CI 0.59, 1.55; 1 study, n=339)	C	Low for benefit
KQ2 cognitive training vs control	ADHD symptoms	12 RCTs⁵⁶^, ¹²⁹^, ¹³⁹^, ¹⁴⁸^, ²²¹^, ²⁴³^, ²⁵⁸^, ³⁶⁷^, ³⁷²^, ⁴⁵⁶^, ⁴⁵⁷^, ⁵⁷⁸	No systematic effect (SMD −0.36; CI ‑0.74, 0.01; 10 studies, n=499; RR 1.28; CI 0.85, 1.94; 1 study, n=337)	C	Low for no effect
KQ2 cognitive training vs control	Functional impairment	6 RCTs⁵⁶^, ¹⁴⁸^, ¹⁹⁹^, ²⁴³^, ²⁵⁸^, ³⁷²	No systematic effect (SMD 0.52; CI −0.34, 1.39; 4 studies, n=317)	C	Low for no effect
KQ2 cognitive training vs control	Acceptability of treatment	0 studies	No data	C	Insufficient
KQ2 cognitive training vs control	Academic performance	2 RCTs¹²⁹^, ²²²	No systematic effect but no meaningful summary estimate could be derived (SMD −0.72; CI −9.59, 8.15; 2 studies, n=68)	C	Insufficient
KQ2 cognitive training vs control	Appetite suppression	1 study³⁶⁷	No effect size data	C	Insufficient
KQ2 cognitive training vs control	Participants with adverse events	2 RCTs²⁵⁸^, ³⁷²	No systematic effect, but no meaningful summary estimate could be derived (RR 3.30; CI 0.03, 431.32; 2 studies, n=402)	I	Insufficient

: Notes: ADHD = attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, C = inconsistency, CI = 95% confidence interval, CT controlled trial without random assignment, I = imprecision, KQ = Key Question, RCT = randomized controlled trial, RR = relative risk, SMD = standardized mean differences, SoE = strength of evidence

From: 5, Results: Treatment of ADHD

Cover of ADHD Diagnosis and Treatment in Children and Adolescents

ADHD Diagnosis and Treatment in Children and Adolescents [Internet].

Comparative Effectiveness Review, No. 267.

Peterson BS, Trampush J, Maglione M, et al.

Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2024 Mar.

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