| Intervention and Comparison | Outcome | Number of Studies; Study Design and IDs | Findings | Reasons for Downgrading | SoE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KQ2 psychosocial treatment vs control | Behavior | 9 RCTs and CTs335, 358, 392, 522, 523, 532, 533, 535, 594 | No systematic effect (SMD −0.18, CI ‑0.48, 0.12; 8 studies, n=947) | S, I | Low for no effect |
| KQ2 psychosocial treatment vs control | Broadband measures | 2 RCTs106, 476 | Results favor intervention (SMD 0.62, CI −0.24, 0.99; 1 study, n=120) | S | Insufficient |
| KQ2 psychosocial treatment vs control | ADHD symptoms | 18 RCTs and CTs199, 204, 334, 335, 392, 426, 476, 485, 521–523, 530, 532, 533, 535, 565, 594, 643 | Results favor intervention (SMD −0.35, CI −0.51, −0.19; 14 studies, n=1686; RR 1.75; CI 1.14, 2.71; 1 study, n=114) | S | Moderate for benefit |
| KQ2 psychosocial treatment vs control | Functional impairment | 4 RCTs106, 476, 485, 523 | No systematic effect and no meaningful summary effect could be derived (SMD 0.42, CI −1.13, 1.97; 2 studies, n=245) | C, I | Insufficient |
| KQ2 psychosocial treatment vs control | Acceptability of treatment | 1 RCT261 | No systematic effect (SMD 0.19, CI −0.12, 0.49; 1 study, n=164) | S, C, I | Insufficient |
| KQ2 psychosocial treatment vs control | Academic performance | 4 RCTs532, 533, 565 | No systematic effect (SMD 0.07, CI −0.52, 0.66; 3 studies, n=459) | S | Low for no effect |
| KQ2 psychosocial treatment vs control | Appetite suppression | 0 studies | No data | C | Insufficient |
| KQ2 psychosocial treatment vs control | Participants with adverse events | 1 RCT565 | No systematic effect and no meaningful summary effect could be derived (RR 0.97; CI 0.02, 47.01; 1 study, n=55) | C | Insufficient |
Notes: ADHD = attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, CI = 95% confidence interval, C = inconsistency, CT = controlled trial without random assignment, I = imprecision, KQ = Key Question, RCT = randomized controlled trial, RR = relative risk, S = study limitation, SMD = standardized mean differences, SoE = strength of evidence
From: 5, Results: Treatment of ADHD
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