| Author, Year | Selection Bias | Performance Bias | Attrition Bias | Detection Bias | Reporting Bias | Other Source of Bias | Overall RoB |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abbasi, 2011104 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | High risk |
| Abikoff, 2004107 | Low risk | High risk | High risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk |
| Abikoff, 2007109 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk |
| Abikoff, 2009108 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | High risk |
| Abikoff, 2013106 | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Abikoff, 2015110 | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate risk |
| Aevi Genomic Medicine, 2016113 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Aevi Genomic Medicine, 2018114 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Akhondzadeh, 2004116 | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Allen, 2005118 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Amiri, 2008122 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | High risk |
| Antshel, 2003123 | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | High risk |
| Arnold, 2022126 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Arnold, 2007125 | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Moderate risk |
| Ashkenasi, 2011127 | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | High risk |
| Aviv, 2021128 | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | High risk | High risk |
| Azami, 2023129 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Bakhshayesh, 2011130 | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk |
| Banaschewski, 2013131 | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Bangs, 2007132 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Bangs, 2008133 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Baziar, 2019136 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | High risk | High risk | High risk |
| Bedard, 2015137 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | High risk |
| Behdani, 2013138 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk |
| Benzing, 2019139 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Biederman, 2005147 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Biederman, 2006146 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Biederman, 2007144 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk |
| Biederman, 2008145 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Bigorra, 2016148 | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Bikic, 201856 | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate risk |
| Bilici, 2004149 | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate risk |
| Binesh, 2020150 | High risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Blader, 2021151 | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Moderate risk |
| Block, 2009154 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk |
| Blumer, 2009155 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | High risk |
| Bluschke, 2022156 | High risk | High risk | High risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk | High risk |
| Bostic, 2000158 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | High risk |
| Boyer, 2016160 | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Brams, 2018161 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Breaux, 2018163 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Buitelaar, 1996165 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | High risk |
| Buitelaar, 2007164 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Bul, 2016166 | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | High risk |
| Carucci, 2022171 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Ceresoli-Borroni, 2021174 | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Moderate risk |
| Cetin, 2015175 | High risk | High risk | High risk | High risk | High risk | High risk | High risk |
| Chacko, 2009176 | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Chang, 2019178 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate risk |
| Chang, 2022180 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate risk |
| Childress, 2009195 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Childress, 2022194 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk |
| Cho, 2011196 | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | High risk |
| Chu, 2021199 | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate risk |
| Churchill, 2018200 | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | High risk |
| Coelho, 2017201 | High risk | Low risk | High risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | High risk |
| Coghill, 2014202 | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Coles, 2020204 | High risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk | High risk |
| Concordia Pharm., 2011205 | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | High risk | High risk | High risk |
| Conners, 1996206 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate risk |
| Connor, 2010207 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Corkum, 2019208 | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk |
| Cornu, 2018209 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Moderate risk |
| Crippa, 2019212 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Dashbozorgi, 2021215 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| David, 2021216 | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | High risk |
| Daviss, 2008217 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Dehbozorghi, 2019219 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk |
| Dell’Agnello, 2009220 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Denton, 2020221 | High risk | High risk | High risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | High risk |
| Dentz, 2020222 | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk |
| Diamond, 1999224 | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk |
| Dittmann, 2011226 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Dittmann, 2013225 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk |
| Dong, 2022227 | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate risk |
| Dose, 2017228 | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk |
| Dovis, 2015229 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Dreakhshanpour, 2022232 | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate risk |
| Duke University, 2009235 | High risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk |
| Duke University, 2009b236 | High risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk |
| DuPaul, 2021238 | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk |
| Durgut, 2020239 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate risk |
| Duric, 2017240 | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk |
| Egeland, 2013243 | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk |
| Eli Lilly, 2004247 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk |
| Eli Lilly, 2006248 | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Eli Lilly249 | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Elmaadawi, 2022252 | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk |
| Enns, 2017254 | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk |
| Epstein, 2007256 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate risk |
| Epstein, 2016255 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Moderate risk |
| Ercan, 2014257 | High risk | High risk | High risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | High risk |
| Estrada-Plana, 2019258 | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk |
| Evans, 2016259 | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Fabiano, 2016261 | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | High risk |
| Fallah, 2018262 | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate risk |
| Farmer, 2017264 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Ferrin, 2014265 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Ferrin, 2020266 | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate risk |
| Findling, 2001271 | High risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk |
| Findling, 2008273 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | High risk |
| Findling, 2010272 | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Findling, 2011270 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Findling, 2019269 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Florida International University, 2015275 | High risk | High risk | High risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | High risk |
| Frei, 2001279 | High risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk | High risk | High risk | High risk |
| Frei, 2005278 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | High risk | High risk |
| Fuchs, 2003280 | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk |
| Fuentes, 2013281 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | High risk | High risk |
| Gard, 2014286 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk |
| Gau, 2006289 | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Gau, 2007288 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Geissler, 2020290 | Low risk | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk |
| Gelade, 2017291 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk |
| Geller, 2007292 | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | High risk | Moderate risk |
| Gevensleben, 2010294 | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk |
| Ghajar, 2018295 | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Ghanizadeh, 2015296 | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Gonzalez-Castro, 2016302 | High risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | High risk |
| Greenhill, 2006305 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Greenhill, 2006304 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Griffiths, 2018306 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | High risk |
| Guevara, 2021308 | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Moderate risk |
| Gustafsson, 2010310 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Hahn-Markowitz, 2020313 | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk | High risk |
| Harfterkamp, 2012317 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Hariri, 2012318 | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | High risk |
| Hasslinger, 2021320 | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk |
| Hazell, 2003321 | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Hemamy, 2021324 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | High risk |
| Herbert, 2013325 | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk |
| Hervas, 2014326 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Hirayama, 2014328 | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk |
| Hiscock, 2019329 | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Hogue, 2020330 | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | High risk | High risk |
| Hong, 2016332 | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | High risk | High risk |
| Hosainzadeh Maleki, 2014333 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk |
| Huang, 2015335 | High risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk |
| Huang, 2021334 | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Ichikawa, 2020337 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Jain, 2011341 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Jensen, 2007343 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate risk |
| Ji, 2023345 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk |
| Johnson, 2009349 | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Johnson, 2020348 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Johnstone, 2022350 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Kadri, 2019353 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Kahbazi, 2009354 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Karakaya, 2019357 | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | High risk |
| Kareem, 2021358 | High risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | High risk | High risk | High risk |
| Katz, 2010360 | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate risk |
| Kelsey, 2004361 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Khaksarian, 2021363 | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate risk |
| Khoshbakht, 2021364 | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate risk |
| Kim, 2022367 | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | High risk | High risk |
| Kofler, 2020368 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Kolko, 2020371 | Low risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk |
| Kollins, 2011374 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Kollins, 2011373 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | High risk |
| Kollins, 2020372 | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate risk |
| Korfmacher, 2022375 | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk |
| Kratochvil, 2002376 | High risk | High risk | High risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | High risk |
| Kratochvil, 2005377 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Kratochvil, 2011378 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Kurowski, 2019383 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | High risk |
| Lange, 2018384 | Low risk | High risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | High risk |
| Lavigne, 2011386 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Law, 1999387 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | High risk |
| Li, 2022392 | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk |
| Liang, 2022396 | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate risk |
| Lilly, 2008250 | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Lim, 2019398 | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Lin, 2014399 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Ludyga, 2022406 | Low risk | High risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk |
| Luo, 2022409 | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk |
| Lv, 2023410 | Low risk | High risk | High risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk | High risk |
| Manor, 2012411 | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk |
| Martenyi, 2010414 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk |
| Matthijssen, 2019418 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Mattingly, 2020419 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Moderate risk |
| McCracken, 2016425 | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| McGrath, 2011426 | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk |
| Mehri, 2020428 | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | High risk |
| Meyer, 2021430 | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Michelson, 2001432 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Moderate risk |
| Michelson, 2002431 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Mikami, 2013433 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Minder, 2018435 | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | High risk |
| Mohammadi, 2010439 | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk |
| Mohammadi, 2012440 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Mohammadzadeh, 2019441 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Montoya, 2009442 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Morell, 2019504 | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk |
| Mostajeran, 2020443 | Low risk | High risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk |
| Motaharifard, 2019444 | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Mount Sinai, 2012539 | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | High risk |
| Myers, 2015451 | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Moderate risk |
| Nasser, 2020453 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk |
| Nasser, 2021454 | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Nasser, 2021455 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Nasser, 2021452 | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Nejati, 2021456 | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate risk |
| Nejati, 2022457 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate risk |
| Newcorn, 2005461 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Newcorn, 2008460 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Newcorn, 2016459 | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | High risk |
| NF Coll. Group, 2021458 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate risk |
| Oppenheimer, 2019466 | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk |
| Pelham, 2016471 | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | High risk |
| Pelsser, 2011472 | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk | High risk |
| Perez-Alvarez, 2009474 | High risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | High risk | High risk |
| Pfiffner, 2014476 | Low risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Pongpitakdamrong, 2021478 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate risk |
| Power, 2012480 | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate risk |
| Prasad, 2007481 | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Purper-Ouakil, 2021483 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | High risk |
| Qian, 2018484 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk |
| Qian, 2021485 | Low risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk | High risk |
| Rafeiy-Torghabeh, 2021488 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Moderate risk |
| Raghuveer, 2020489 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Rahmani, 2022490 | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | High risk |
| Rajabi, 2020492 | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Riggs, 2011497 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Rothe, 2023503 | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | High risk |
| Rucklidge, 2018505 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Saito, 2020507 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Salardini, 2016508 | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | High risk | High risk | High risk |
| Salehi, 2010509 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Salehi, 2016510 | High risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | High risk | High risk | High risk |
| Sallee, 2009511 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Sangal, 2006512 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | High risk |
| Sangal, 2014513 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Schertz, 2022517 | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk |
| Schorr-Sapir, 2021520 | Low risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk |
| Schramm, 2016521 | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Moderate risk |
| Schuck, 2018522 | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk |
| Sciberras, 2020523 | Low risk | High risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk |
| Seattle Children’s Hospital, 2015193 | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk |
| Shang, 2020525 | Low risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate risk |
| Shaywitz, 2017526 | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk |
| Shen, 2021529 | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate risk |
| Shuai, 2020530 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk |
| Sibley, 2016533 | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate risk |
| Sibley, 2018531 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate risk |
| Sibley, 2020534 | Low risk | Moderate /Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate risk |
| Sibley, 2021532 | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate risk |
| Siebelink, 2021535 | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk |
| Simonoff, 2013538 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Singer, 1995540 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | High risk |
| Smit, 2021544 | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate risk |
| Sonuga-Barke, 2001550 | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Low risk | Moderate risk |
| Sonuga-Barke, 2004551 | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | High risk |
| Sonuga-Barke, 2018552 | Low risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Spencer, 2002554 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Spencer, 2002555 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Spencer, 2006557 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Spencer, 2008556 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Sprich, 2016560 | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | High risk |
| Steele, 2006561 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Steiner, 2014562 | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk |
| Storebo, 2012565 | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate risk |
| Strehl, 2017567 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Su, 2016568 | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk |
| Sugaya 2022569 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Supernus Pharmaceuticals, 2016572 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk |
| Svanborg, 2009573 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Swanson, 2006574 | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Moderate risk |
| Takahashi, 2009575 | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk |
| Tamm, 2013578 | Low risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk |
| Tamm, 2017577 | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | High risk |
| Tan, 2016579 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Tiwawatpakorn, 2021585 | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Trebaticka, 2006586 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | High risk |
| Tris Pharma, 2014588 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| TS Study Group, 2002380 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| TS Study Group, 2002b381 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Tutty, 2003589 | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate risk |
| Tzang, 2016590 | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk |
| Vaidyanathan, 2023593 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Valero, 2021594 | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk |
| van der Donk, 2015595 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Van der Heijden, 2007596 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk |
| van der Oord, 2007597 | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk |
| van Stralen, 2020598 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | High risk |
| Voigt, 2001601 | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk |
| Volpe, 2009602 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Wang, 2007604 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Weber, 2008606 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Wehmeier, 2012608 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate risk |
| Weiss, 2005611 | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | High risk | High risk |
| Weiss, 2007610 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | High risk |
| Weiss, 2021612 | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk | High risk | High risk |
| Wennberg, 2018613 | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Wietecha, 2009616 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Wigal, 2004617 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Wigal, 2011618 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | Moderate risk |
| Wilens, 2005621 | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Wilens, 2008619 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | High risk |
| Wilens, 2011105 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Moderate risk |
| Wilens, 2012622 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Wilens, 2015623 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Wilkes-Gillan, 2016624 | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk | High risk | High risk |
| Willens, 2011620 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Wolraich, 2001626 | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Wu, 2023628 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk |
| Young, 2014634 | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Zarinara, 2010636 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate risk |
| Zavadenko, 2019637 | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Zheng, 2020640 | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk |
| Zhu, 2017645 | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Low risk |
| Zhu, 2022643 | Low risk | High risk | High risk | High risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | Moderate/Unclear risk | High risk |
| Zhuo, 2022646 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
From: Appendix D, Critical Appraisal and Applicability Tables
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