Table 3Impact of Intervention on EOL Outcome Measures: Average Odds/Incidence Rate Ratios by RCT Arma

Outcome measureIntervention periodDifferences in outcomes: intervention period compared with the preintervention periodbDifference in difference: intervention period compared with the preintervention periodc
Compared with intervention facilitiesCompared with control facilities
Treatment facilities (% P < .05)Control facilities (% P < .05)Other NYS facilities (% P < .05)Control facilities (% P < .05)Other NYS facilities (% P < .05)Other NYS facilities (% P < .05)
Death in a hospital Definitiond1.038 (0)1.178 (2)0.970 (32)0.904 (2)1.071 (0)1.216 (1)
Definitione1.022 (0)1.174 (3)0.961 (50)0.895 (2)1.064 (0)1.223 (2)
Self-reported moderate-to-severe pain Definitiond1.171 (0)0.904 (13) 0.879 (95) 1.329 (0)1.335 (0)1.030 (2)
Definitione1.188 (0)0.927 (12) 0.875 (93) 1.342 (0)1.359 (0)1.061 (4)
Depressive symptoms Definitiond1.469 (0)0.791 (35) 0.875 (97) 1.943 (0)1.681 (0)0.905 (2)
Definitione1.517 (0)0.809 (32) 0.870 (96) 1.982 (0)1.745 (0)0.931 (18)
No. of hospital stays in the past 90 d Definitiond1.091 (0)1.046 (1)1.010 (0)1.054 (0)1.080 (0)1.036 (1)
Definitione1.068 (0)1.035 (3)1.015 (0)1.050 (0)1.053 (0)1.020 (3)

Abbreviations: EOL, end of life; NYS, New York State; RCT, randomized controlled trial.

aBolded cells are those where the estimated coefficients were significant at the 0.05 level in at least 90% of the iterations for the unidirectional hypothesis of improvement in the postperiod. Values below 1 indicate intervention success.

bThe reported values for hospital deaths, pain, and depressive symptoms are ORs. The reported value for number of hospital stays is incidence rate ratio. A value <1 indicates improvement in the postperiod.

cThe reported DID values are the average of the ratios of the reference group to the control group. A ratio of less than 1 indicates that the reference group improved relative to the control during the intervention period.

dIntervention period is defined as the active intervention plus the passive intervention.

eIntervention period is defined as the passive intervention. Active intervention residents are excluded from the model.

From: Do Palliative Care Teams in Nursing Homes Improve the Quality of End-of-Life Care for Nursing Home Residents?

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Do Palliative Care Teams in Nursing Homes Improve the Quality of End-of-Life Care for Nursing Home Residents? [Internet]
Temkin-Greener H, Mukamel DB, Ladwig S, et al.
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