| 1 [Palmer et al 2019] | Parenchymal atrophy, unilateral periventricular leukomalacia, left cerebellar hyperintensity | 3 yrs | No head control, cannot roll; nonverbal | Lennox Gastaut syndrome, onset age 12 mos |
| 2 [Palmer et al 2019] | Perisylvian polymicrogyria, parenchymal atrophy, thin corpus callosum, absent falx cerebri | 1 yr | Rolls to side, coos | No seizures |
| 3 [Palmer et al 2019] | Normal | 5 yrs | Walks a few steps unaided, holds small objects, speaks single words | No seizures |
| 4 [Palmer et al 2019] | Normal | 7 yrs | Sits w/support, grasps objects; nonverbal | Infantile spasms (control w/2 ASMs) |
| 5 [Palmer et al 2019] | Perisylvian polymicrogyria, thin corpus callosum, partially absent falx cerebri, parenchymal atrophy | 9 yrs | Immobile, nonverbal | (control w/monotherapy) |
| 6 [Palmer et al 2019] | Vermian hypoplasia | 4 yrs | Sits w/support; nonverbal | Neonatal-onset DEE (intractable to ASM) |
| 7 [Palmer et al 2019] | Perisylvian polymicrogyria, thin corpus callosum, absent falx cerebri | 5 yrs | Sits w/support, grasps objects, babbles | DEE, onset age 7 mos (control w/monotherapy) |
| 8 [Palmer et al 2019] | Polymicrogyria of right sylvian fissure, vermian hypoplasia, thin corpus callosum | 2 mos | No motor ability; nonverbal | No seizures |
| 9 [Palmer et al 2021] | Normal | 3 yrs, 6 mos | Crawls & pulls to stand, no clear words | No seizures |
| 10 [Palmer et al 2021] | Normal (mild prominence of subarachnoid fluid compartment) | 3 yrs, 6 mos | Sits w/minimal support, commando crawls, able to finger feed; no clear words but will yell to get parents' attn | Diagnosed at 3 yrs, 6 mos (control w/monotherapy) |
| 11 [Palmer et al 2021] | Malformations consistent w/Dandy-Walker spectrum (mild) | 2 yrs, 6 mos | Sits unassisted, good head control, stands w/support, uses wheelchair for mobility; babbles & coos | Infantile spasms (control w/monotherapy) |
| 12 [Palmer et al 2021] | Normal | 2 yrs, 2 mos | Walking independently, fine motor improved to just below avg w/early intervention; mild expressive language delay | No seizures |
| 13 [Palmer et al 2021] | Cerebral parenchymal atrophy, cerebellar vermian hypoplasia, thin corpus callosum | 17 yrs | Head control but unable to sit w/o support; nonverbal | No seizures |
| 14 [Palmer et al 2021] | Pontine hypoplasia, dysplastic tectum, thin corpus callosum, global cerebral brain atrophy, prominent subarachnoid spaces & ventricles | 2 yrs | Does not have independent head control against gravity; no grasping or holding toys; nonverbal, can make whimpering sounds when upset | Diagnosed as neonate |
| 15 [Palmer et al 2021] | Generalized parenchymal volume loss, thin corpus callosum, enlargement of prepontine & suprasellar cisterns, small hippocampi, & other abnormalities | 3 yrs, 3 mos | Can roll over, unable to sit w/o support, limited fine motor skills; nonspecific verbalizations | Onset 6 mos, → DEE by 16 mos (control w/multiple ASMs) |
| 16 [Palmer et al 2021] | Dysgenesis of corpus callosum, callosal lipoma, hypoplasia of inferior vermis of cerebellum, dysmorphic brain stem w/small pons | 6 mos | Cannot roll, limited head control, can bring hands to midline; nonverbal | No seizures |
| 17 [Palmer et al 2021] | Asymmetric cerebral hemisphere, large lateral ventricle, atrophy | 13 yrs, 6 mos | Sitting, stands w/aid, uses wheelchair for mobility, grasps objects; few words, communicates w/gestures | One seizure w/febrile illness at age 12 yrs |
| 18 [Shiyue et al 2022] | Hypoplasia of left cerebellar hemisphere & delayed myelination | 7 mos, 16 days | Can raise head, unable to sit independently or grasp objects; no words or clear babble | No seizures |
