Rationale and objectives: The objective of this study is to develop and characterize new microbubbles based on lipids and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) for targeting thrombi as an improved ultrasound contrast agent.
Materials and methods: Bioconjugate ligands were inserted into the lipid-coated membranes of SF6 gas microbubbles, and their physicochemical properties were determined. Diagnostic efficacies of SF6-filled microbubbles and the contrast agent SonoVue (Bracco Imaging, Geneve, Switzerland) were compared in dogs.
Results: Suspensions of lyophilized powder were reconstituted by injecting saline containing 3.1 x 10(8) SF6 microbubbles/mL with a mean diameter of 4.4 microm. More than 90% of microbubbles had diameters between 1 and 10 microm. After reconstitution, echogenicity and microbubble characteristics were unchanged for 8 hours. Targeted microbubbles increased the echogenicity of thrombi significantly and provided a longer period of optimal signal enhancement compared with nontargeted microbubbles.
Conclusions: Our thrombus-targeting microbubble contrast agent shows high echogenicity and stability and thereby enhances the visualization of intravascular thrombi and prolongs the duration of the diagnostic window.