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Craniosynostosis 7(CRS7)

MedGen UID:
1392447
•Concept ID:
C4479496
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS 7, DIGENIC; CRS7; CRS7, DIGENIC
 
Gene (location): SMAD6 (15q22.31)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0044315
OMIM®: 617439

Definition

Craniosynostosis is a primary abnormality of skull growth involving premature fusion of the cranial sutures such that the growth velocity of the skull often cannot match that of the developing brain. This produces skull deformity and, in some cases, raises intracranial pressure, which must be treated promptly to avoid permanent neurodevelopmental disability (summary by Fitzpatrick, 2013). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of craniosynostosis, see CRS1 (123100). [from OMIM]

Clinical features

From HPO
Delayed speech and language development
MedGen UID:
105318
•Concept ID:
C0454644
•
Finding
A degree of language development that is significantly below the norm for a child of a specified age.
See: Feature record | Search on this feature
Neurodevelopmental delay
MedGen UID:
868344
•Concept ID:
C4022738
•
Finding
Neurodevelopmental delay (NDD) refers to delays in the maturation of the brain and central nervous system; infants and young children with NDD may experience delays in the development of one or more skills including gross motor abilities, fine-motor coordination, language abilities and ability to solve increasingly complex problems.
See: Feature record | Search on this feature
Craniosynostosis syndrome
MedGen UID:
1163
•Concept ID:
C0010278
•
Disease or Syndrome
Craniosynostosis refers to the premature closure of the cranial sutures. Primary craniosynostosis refers to the closure of one or more sutures due to abnormalities in skull development, and secondary craniosynostosis results from failure of brain growth.
See: Feature record | Search on this feature
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Professional guidelines

PubMed

SMAD6 variants in craniosynostosis: genotype and phenotype evaluation.
Calpena E, Cuellar A, Bala K, Swagemakers SMA, Koelling N, McGowan SJ, Phipps JM, Balasubramanian M, Cunningham ML, Douzgou S, Lattanzi W, Morton JEV, Shears D, Weber A, Wilson LC, Lord H, Lester T, Johnson D, Wall SA, Twigg SRF, Mathijssen IMJ, Boardman-Pretty F; Genomics England Research Consortium, Boyadjiev SA, Wilkie AOM
Genet Med 2020 Sep;22(9):1498-1506. Epub 2020 Jun 5 doi: 10.1038/s41436-020-0817-2. PMID: 32499606Free PMC Article
Clinical practice recommendations for the diagnosis and management of X-linked hypophosphataemia.
Haffner D, Emma F, Eastwood DM, Duplan MB, Bacchetta J, Schnabel D, Wicart P, Bockenhauer D, Santos F, Levtchenko E, Harvengt P, Kirchhoff M, Di Rocco F, Chaussain C, Brandi ML, Savendahl L, Briot K, Kamenicky P, Rejnmark L, Linglart A
Nat Rev Nephrol 2019 Jul;15(7):435-455. doi: 10.1038/s41581-019-0152-5. PMID: 31068690Free PMC Article
Craniosynostosis as a clinical and diagnostic problem: molecular pathology and genetic counseling.
Kutkowska-Kaźmierczak A, Gos M, Obersztyn E
J Appl Genet 2018 May;59(2):133-147. Epub 2018 Feb 1 doi: 10.1007/s13353-017-0423-4. PMID: 29392564

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Positional Plagiocephaly and Craniosynostosis.
Santiago GS, Santiago CN, Chwa ES, Purnell CA
Pediatr Ann 2023 Jan;52(1):e10-e17. Epub 2023 Jan 1 doi: 10.3928/19382359-20221114-03. PMID: 36625797
Optic Nerve Atrophy in Syndromic Craniosynostosis.
Fearon JA, Barrientos S, Ditthakasem K, Herbert M
Plast Reconstr Surg 2022 Aug 1;150(2):381e-386e. Epub 2022 Jun 8 doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000009367. PMID: 35671456
Hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets and craniosynostosis.
Arenas MA, Jaimovich S, Perez Garrido N, Del Pino M, Viterbo G, Marino R, Fano V
J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2021 Sep 27;34(9):1105-1113. Epub 2021 Jun 21 doi: 10.1515/jpem-2021-0042. PMID: 34147045
Orthognathic Surgery in Craniosynostosis.
Ferri J, Schlund M, Touzet-Roumazeille S
J Craniofac Surg 2021 Jan-Feb 01;32(1):141-148. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000007154. PMID: 33027175
Complex craniosynostosis.
Czerwinski M, Kolar JC, Fearon JA
Plast Reconstr Surg 2011 Oct;128(4):955-961. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e3182268ca6. PMID: 21681124

Diagnosis

Positional Plagiocephaly and Craniosynostosis.
Santiago GS, Santiago CN, Chwa ES, Purnell CA
Pediatr Ann 2023 Jan;52(1):e10-e17. Epub 2023 Jan 1 doi: 10.3928/19382359-20221114-03. PMID: 36625797
Clinical experience with non-invasive prenatal screening for single-gene disorders.
Mohan P, Lemoine J, Trotter C, Rakova I, Billings P, Peacock S, Kao CY, Wang Y, Xia F, Eng CM, Benn P
Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2022 Jan;59(1):33-39. doi: 10.1002/uog.23756. PMID: 34358384Free PMC Article
Craniosynostosis and ENT.
Couloigner V, Ayari Khalfallah S
Neurochirurgie 2019 Nov;65(5):318-321. Epub 2019 Sep 27 doi: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2019.09.015. PMID: 31568777
Clinical practice recommendations for the diagnosis and management of X-linked hypophosphataemia.
Haffner D, Emma F, Eastwood DM, Duplan MB, Bacchetta J, Schnabel D, Wicart P, Bockenhauer D, Santos F, Levtchenko E, Harvengt P, Kirchhoff M, Di Rocco F, Chaussain C, Brandi ML, Savendahl L, Briot K, Kamenicky P, Rejnmark L, Linglart A
Nat Rev Nephrol 2019 Jul;15(7):435-455. doi: 10.1038/s41581-019-0152-5. PMID: 31068690Free PMC Article
Expanding the phenome and variome of skeletal dysplasia.
Maddirevula S, Alsahli S, Alhabeeb L, Patel N, Alzahrani F, Shamseldin HE, Anazi S, Ewida N, Alsaif HS, Mohamed JY, Alazami AM, Ibrahim N, Abdulwahab F, Hashem M, Abouelhoda M, Monies D, Al Tassan N, Alshammari M, Alsagheir A, Seidahmed MZ, Sogati S, Aglan MS, Hamad MH, Salih MA, Hamed AA, Alhashmi N, Nabil A, Alfadli F, Abdel-Salam GMH, Alkuraya H, Peitee WO, Keng WT, Qasem A, Mushiba AM, Zaki MS, Fassad MR, Alfadhel M, Alexander S, Sabr Y, Temtamy S, Ekbote AV, Ismail S, Hosny GA, Otaify GA, Amr K, Al Tala S, Khan AO, Rizk T, Alaqeel A, Alsiddiky A, Singh A, Kapoor S, Alhashem A, Faqeih E, Shaheen R, Alkuraya FS
Genet Med 2018 Dec;20(12):1609-1616. Epub 2018 Apr 5 doi: 10.1038/gim.2018.50. PMID: 29620724

Therapy

Variability and Excess in Opioid Prescribing Patterns After Cleft and Craniosynostosis Repairs.
Zubovic E, Skolnick GB, AuBuchon JD, Waters EA, Snyder-Warwick AK, Patel KB
Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2023 Jul;60(7):833-842. Epub 2022 Feb 28 doi: 10.1177/10556656221083082. PMID: 35226537
Clinical practice recommendations for the diagnosis and management of X-linked hypophosphataemia.
Haffner D, Emma F, Eastwood DM, Duplan MB, Bacchetta J, Schnabel D, Wicart P, Bockenhauer D, Santos F, Levtchenko E, Harvengt P, Kirchhoff M, Di Rocco F, Chaussain C, Brandi ML, Savendahl L, Briot K, Kamenicky P, Rejnmark L, Linglart A
Nat Rev Nephrol 2019 Jul;15(7):435-455. doi: 10.1038/s41581-019-0152-5. PMID: 31068690Free PMC Article
Craniosynostosis: A Reversible Pathology?
Säljö K, Maltese G, Tarnow P, Kölby L
J Craniofac Surg 2019 Sep;30(6):1628-1630. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000005515. PMID: 31022145
Helmet therapy in infants with positional skull deformation: randomised controlled trial.
van Wijk RM, van Vlimmeren LA, Groothuis-Oudshoorn CG, Van der Ploeg CP, Ijzerman MJ, Boere-Boonekamp MM
BMJ 2014 May 1;348:g2741. doi: 10.1136/bmj.g2741. PMID: 24784879Free PMC Article
Endoscopic pediatric neurosurgery: implications for anesthesia.
Meier PM, Guzman R, Erb TO
Paediatr Anaesth 2014 Jul;24(7):668-77. Epub 2014 Apr 12 doi: 10.1111/pan.12405. PMID: 24725264

Prognosis

Optic Nerve Atrophy in Syndromic Craniosynostosis.
Fearon JA, Barrientos S, Ditthakasem K, Herbert M
Plast Reconstr Surg 2022 Aug 1;150(2):381e-386e. Epub 2022 Jun 8 doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000009367. PMID: 35671456
Genetic Influence on Neurodevelopment in Nonsyndromic Craniosynostosis.
Timberlake AT, Junn A, Flores R, Staffenberg DA, Lifton RP, Persing JA
Plast Reconstr Surg 2022 May 1;149(5):1157-1165. Epub 2022 Mar 14 doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000008976. PMID: 35286293Free PMC Article
Hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets and craniosynostosis.
Arenas MA, Jaimovich S, Perez Garrido N, Del Pino M, Viterbo G, Marino R, Fano V
J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2021 Sep 27;34(9):1105-1113. Epub 2021 Jun 21 doi: 10.1515/jpem-2021-0042. PMID: 34147045
Helmet therapy in infants with positional skull deformation: randomised controlled trial.
van Wijk RM, van Vlimmeren LA, Groothuis-Oudshoorn CG, Van der Ploeg CP, Ijzerman MJ, Boere-Boonekamp MM
BMJ 2014 May 1;348:g2741. doi: 10.1136/bmj.g2741. PMID: 24784879Free PMC Article
Complex craniosynostosis.
Czerwinski M, Kolar JC, Fearon JA
Plast Reconstr Surg 2011 Oct;128(4):955-961. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e3182268ca6. PMID: 21681124

Clinical prediction guides

Clinical experience with non-invasive prenatal screening for single-gene disorders.
Mohan P, Lemoine J, Trotter C, Rakova I, Billings P, Peacock S, Kao CY, Wang Y, Xia F, Eng CM, Benn P
Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2022 Jan;59(1):33-39. doi: 10.1002/uog.23756. PMID: 34358384Free PMC Article
Missense and truncating variants in CHD5 in a dominant neurodevelopmental disorder with intellectual disability, behavioral disturbances, and epilepsy.
Parenti I, Lehalle D, Nava C, Torti E, Leitão E, Person R, Mizuguchi T, Matsumoto N, Kato M, Nakamura K, de Man SA, Cope H, Shashi V; Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Friedman J, Joset P, Steindl K, Rauch A, Muffels I, van Hasselt PM, Petit F, Smol T, Le Guyader G, Bilan F, Sorlin A, Vitobello A, Philippe C, van de Laar IMBH, van Slegtenhorst MA, Campeau PM, Au PYB, Nakashima M, Saitsu H, Yamamoto T, Nomura Y, Louie RJ, Lyons MJ, Dobson A, Plomp AS, Motazacker MM, Kaiser FJ, Timberlake AT, Fuchs SA, Depienne C, Mignot C
Hum Genet 2021 Jul;140(7):1109-1120. Epub 2021 May 4 doi: 10.1007/s00439-021-02283-2. PMID: 33944996Free PMC Article
Craniosynostosis and ENT.
Couloigner V, Ayari Khalfallah S
Neurochirurgie 2019 Nov;65(5):318-321. Epub 2019 Sep 27 doi: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2019.09.015. PMID: 31568777
HUWE1 variants cause dominant X-linked intellectual disability: a clinical study of 21 patients.
Moortgat S, Berland S, Aukrust I, Maystadt I, Baker L, Benoit V, Caro-Llopis A, Cooper NS, Debray FG, Faivre L, Gardeitchik T, Haukanes BI, Houge G, Kivuva E, Martinez F, Mehta SG, Nassogne MC, Powell-Hamilton N, Pfundt R, Rosello M, Prescott T, Vasudevan P, van Loon B, Verellen-Dumoulin C, Verloes A, Lippe CV, Wakeling E, Wilkie AOM, Wilson L, Yuen A, Study D, Low KJ, Newbury-Ecob RA
Eur J Hum Genet 2018 Jan;26(1):64-74. Epub 2017 Nov 27 doi: 10.1038/s41431-017-0038-6. PMID: 29180823Free PMC Article
Helmet therapy in infants with positional skull deformation: randomised controlled trial.
van Wijk RM, van Vlimmeren LA, Groothuis-Oudshoorn CG, Van der Ploeg CP, Ijzerman MJ, Boere-Boonekamp MM
BMJ 2014 May 1;348:g2741. doi: 10.1136/bmj.g2741. PMID: 24784879Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Global Epidemiology of Craniosynostosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Shlobin NA, Baticulon RE, Ortega CA, Du L, Bonfield CM, Wray A, Forrest CR, Dewan MC
World Neurosurg 2022 Aug;164:413-423.e3. Epub 2022 May 27 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.05.093. PMID: 35636659
Role of tranexamic acid in craniosynostosis surgery: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Zapata-Copete JA, Gómez-Ospina JC, García-Perdomo HA, Caycedo DJ
J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2022 Apr;75(4):1389-1398. Epub 2021 Nov 28 doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2021.11.064. PMID: 34949570
Tranexamic Acid in Craniosynostosis Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Varidel A, Marucci D
J Craniofac Surg 2022 Jan-Feb 01;33(1):146-150. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000008123. PMID: 34593743
Postnatal diagnosis of single-suture craniosynostosis with cranial ultrasound: a systematic review.
Whittall I, Lambert WA, Moote DJ, Bookland MJ, Martin JE, Hughes CD, Hersh DS
Childs Nerv Syst 2021 Dec;37(12):3705-3714. Epub 2021 Oct 5 doi: 10.1007/s00381-021-05301-w. PMID: 34611761
Adenotonsillectomy in children with syndromic craniosynostosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Saengthong P, Chaitusaney B, Hirunwiwatkul P, Charakorn N
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2019 Jun;276(6):1555-1560. Epub 2019 Apr 17 doi: 10.1007/s00405-019-05427-3. PMID: 30997567

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