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    GNG4 G protein subunit gamma 4 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 2786, updated on 5-Mar-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    GNG4provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    G protein subunit gamma 4provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:4407
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000168243 MIM:604388; AllianceGenome:HGNC:4407
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    VALIDATED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    HG3C
    Summary
    Predicted to enable G-protein beta-subunit binding activity. Involved in negative regulation of cell growth. Located in extracellular exosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
    Expression
    Biased expression in brain (RPKM 11.8), ovary (RPKM 8.0) and 8 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See GNG4 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    1q42.3
    Exon count:
    8
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 1 NC_000001.11 (235547685..235650608, complement)
    RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 1 NC_060925.1 (234943567..235047271, complement)
    105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 1 NC_000001.10 (235710985..235813908, complement)

    Chromosome 1 - NC_000001.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:235709205-235709705 Neighboring gene MT-CO3 pseudogene 46 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:235729298-235729799 Neighboring gene MT-ND3 pseudogene 8 Neighboring gene solute carrier family 39 member 14 pseudogene Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:235785967-235786467 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124904560 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 105 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 1989 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:235814049-235814900 Neighboring gene BRD4-independent group 4 enhancer GRCh37_chr1:235832683-235833882 Neighboring gene lysosomal trafficking regulator Neighboring gene MED14-independent group 3 enhancer GRCh37_chr1:235871544-235872743 Neighboring gene BRD4-independent group 4 enhancer GRCh37_chr1:235884502-235885701 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak779 silencer Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 2803 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 1990 Neighboring gene lactate dehydrogenase A pseudogene 2 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:235977481-235977982 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 11090 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 2804 Neighboring gene microRNA 1537

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. G-Protein Subunit Gamma 4 as a Potential Biomarker for Predicting the Response of Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy in Bladder Cancer. Duan L, et al. Genes (Basel), 2022 Apr 14. PMID 35456499, Free PMC Article
    2. Identifying GNG4 might play an important role in colorectal cancer TMB. Zhao H, et al. Cancer Biomark, 2021. PMID 34275892
    3. G-protein subunit gamma-4 expression has potential for detection, prediction and therapeutic targeting in liver metastasis of gastric cancer. Tanaka H, et al. Br J Cancer, 2021 Jul. PMID 33854208, Free PMC Article
    4. Neurotransmitter Pathway Genes in Cognitive Decline During Aging: Evidence for GNG4 and KCNQ2 Genes. Bonham LW, et al. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen, 2018 May. PMID 29338302, Free PMC Article
    5. TREK-1 and Best1 channels mediate fast and slow glutamate release in astrocytes upon GPCR activation. Woo DH, et al. Cell, 2012 Sep 28. PMID 23021213

    See all (32) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. GNG4, as a potential predictor of prognosis, is correlated with immune infiltrates in colon adenocarcinoma.
      Title: GNG4, as a potential predictor of prognosis, is correlated with immune infiltrates in colon adenocarcinoma.
    2. G-Protein Subunit Gamma 4 as a Potential Biomarker for Predicting the Response of Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy in Bladder Cancer.
      Title: G-Protein Subunit Gamma 4 as a Potential Biomarker for Predicting the Response of Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy in Bladder Cancer.
    3. Identifying GNG4 might play an important role in colorectal cancer TMB.
      Title: Identifying GNG4 might play an important role in colorectal cancer TMB.
    4. G-protein subunit gamma-4 expression has potential for detection, prediction and therapeutic targeting in liver metastasis of gastric cancer.
      Title: G-protein subunit gamma-4 expression has potential for detection, prediction and therapeutic targeting in liver metastasis of gastric cancer.
    5. Common genetic variation in GNG4 and KCNQ2 was associated with cognitive decline. In human brain tissue data sets, both GNG4 and KCNQ2 show higher expression in hippocampus relative to other brain regions.
      Title: Neurotransmitter Pathway Genes in Cognitive Decline During Aging: Evidence for GNG4 and KCNQ2 Genes.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Description
    Genetic correlates of longevity and selected age-related phenotypes: a genome-wide association study in the Framingham Study.
    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    Genotypes

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Clone Names

    • FLJ23803, FLJ34187, DKFZp547K1018

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables G-protein beta-subunit binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in negative regulation of cell growth IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in extracellular exosome HDA PubMed 
    part_of heterotrimeric G-protein complex IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in plasma membrane TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4
    Names
    guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 4
    guanine nucleotide binding protein 4
    heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein 3C

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001098721.2 → NP_001092191.1  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001092191.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1, 2 and 3 encode the same protein.
      Source sequence(s)
      AK074383, AK311781, BC022485, DA230013, FO393422
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS1607.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P50150
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A024R3R8, B1APZ0
      Related
      ENSP00000398629.1, ENST00000450593.5
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      smart00224
      Location:13 → 75
      GGL; G protein gamma subunit-like motifs

    2. NM_001098722.2 → NP_001092192.1  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001092192.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript. Variants 1, 2, and 3 encode the same protein.
      Source sequence(s)
      AK074383, AK311781, CX784976, FO393422
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS1607.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P50150
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A024R3R8, B1APZ0
      Related
      ENSP00000375727.2, ENST00000391854.7
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      smart00224
      Location:13 → 75
      GGL; G protein gamma subunit-like motifs

    3. NM_004485.4 → NP_004476.1  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_004476.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (3) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1, 2 and 3 encode the same protein.
      Source sequence(s)
      AK074383, BC022485, FO393422
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS1607.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P50150
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A024R3R8, B1APZ0
      Related
      ENSP00000355557.4, ENST00000366598.8
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      smart00224
      Location:13 → 75
      GGL; G protein gamma subunit-like motifs

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000001.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      235547685..235650608 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_047418084.1 → XP_047274040.1  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P50150
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A024R3R8, B1APZ0
      Related
      ENSP00000355556.1, ENST00000366597.5

    2. XM_011544167.2 → XP_011542469.1  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 isoform X1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011542469.1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P50150
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A024R3R8, B1APZ0
      Related
      ENSP00000482192.1, ENST00000484517.2
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      smart00224
      Location:13 → 75
      GGL; G protein gamma subunit-like motifs

    3. XM_006711761.3 → XP_006711824.1  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 isoform X1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006711824.1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P50150
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A024R3R8, B1APZ0
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      smart00224
      Location:13 → 75
      GGL; G protein gamma subunit-like motifs

    Reference GRCh38.p14 PATCHES

    Genomic

    1. NW_014040927.1 Reference GRCh38.p14 PATCHES

      Range
      191277..195835 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060925.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      234943567..235047271 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_054336087.1 → XP_054192062.1  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P50150
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A024R3R8, B1APZ0

    2. XM_054336089.1 → XP_054192064.1  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P50150
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A024R3R8, B1APZ0

    3. XM_054336088.1 → XP_054192063.1  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P50150
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A024R3R8, B1APZ0
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P50150.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P50150

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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