Initial Database Search

Database: MEDLINE

Host: Ovid

Issue: 1946 to February 10, 2021

Date searched: 12/2/2021

Searcher: SB

Hits: 405 (nurses); 40 (midwives); 6 (paramedics)

Strategy:

1. (nurse or nurses or nursing).tw.
2. nursing/
3. exp specialties, nursing/
4. or/1-3
5. (midwif* or midwives).tw.
6. Midwifery/
7. 5 or 6
8. paramedic*.tw.
9. Emergency Medical Technicians/
10. 8 or 9
11. (‘mental health’ or ‘mental ill health’ or stress* or distress* or anxiety or anxious or depression or depressed or ‘wellbeing’ or wellbeing or resilienc*).tw.
12. (pressure* adj3 (work* or ‘patient* demand*’)).tw.
13. *Mental Health/
14. Stress, Psychological/
15. *Depression/
16. *Anxiety/
17. or/11-16
18. (retention or presenteeism or absenteeism or ‘sick leave’ or burnout or ‘burn* out’).tw.
19. Presenteeism/
20. *Absenteeism/
21. *Sick Leave/
22. or/18–21
23. exp United Kingdom/
24. (national health service* or nhs*).ti,ab,in.
25. (english not ((published or publication* or translat* or written or language* or speak* or literature or citation*) adj5 english)).ti,ab.
26. (gb or ‘g.b.’ or britain* or (british* not ‘british columbia’) or uk or ‘u.k.’ or united kingdom* or (england* not ‘new england’) or northern ireland* or northern irish* or scotland* or scottish* or ((wales or ‘south wales’) not ‘new south wales’) or welsh*).ti,ab,jw,in.
27. (bath or ‘bath’s’ or ((birmingham not alabama*) or (‘birmingham’s’ not alabama*) or bradford or ‘bradford’s’ or brighton or ‘brighton’s’ or bristol or ‘bristol’s’ or carlisle* or ‘carlisle’s’ or (cambridge not (massachusetts* or boston* or harvard*)) or (‘cambridge’s’ not (massachusetts* or boston* or harvard*)) or (canterbury not zealand*) or (‘canterbury’s’ not zealand*) or chelmsford or ‘chelmsford’s’ or chester or ‘chester’s’ or chichester or ‘chichester’s’ or coventry or ‘coventry’s’ or derby or ‘derby’s’ or (durham not (carolina* or nc)) or (‘durham’s’ not (carolina* or nc)) or ely or ‘ely’s’ or exeter or ‘exeter’s’ or gloucester or ‘gloucester’s’ or hereford or ‘hereford’s’ or hull or ‘hull’s’ or lancaster or ‘lancaster’s’ or leeds* or leicester or ‘leicester’s’ or (lincoln not nebraska*) or (‘lincoln’s’ not nebraska*) or (liverpool not (new south wales* or nsw)) or (‘liverpool’s’ not (new south wales* or nsw)) or ((london not (ontario* or ont or toronto*)) or (‘london’s’ not (ontario* or ont or toronto*)) or manchester or ‘manchester’s’ or (newcastle not (new south wales* or nsw)) or (‘newcastle’s’ not (new south wales* or nsw)) or norwich or ‘norwich’s’ or nottingham or ‘nottingham’s’ or oxford or ‘oxford’s’ or peterborough or ‘peterborough’s’ or plymouth or ‘plymouth’s’ or portsmouth or ‘portsmouth’s’ or preston or ‘preston’s’ or ripon or ‘ripon’s’ or salford or ‘salford’s’ or salisbury or ‘salisbury’s’ or sheffield or ‘sheffield’s’ or southampton or ‘southampton’s’ or st albans or stoke or ‘stoke’s’ or sunderland or ‘sunderland’s’ or truro or ‘truro’s’ or wakefield or ‘wakefield’s’ or wells or westminster or ‘westminster’s’ or winchester or ‘winchester’s’ or wolverhampton or ‘wolverhampton’s’ or (worcester not (massachusetts* or boston* or harvard*)) or (‘worcester’s’ not (massachusetts* or boston* or harvard*)) or (york not (‘new york*’ or ny or ontario* or ont or toronto*)) or (‘york’s’ not (‘new york*’ or ny or ontario* or ont or toronto*))))).ti,ab,in.
28. (bangor or ‘bangor’s’ or cardiff or ‘cardiff’s’ or newport or ‘newport’s’ or st asaph or ‘st asaph’s’ or st davids or swansea or ‘swansea’s’).ti,ab,in.
29. (aberdeen or ‘aberdeen’s’ or dundee or ‘dundee’s’ or edinburgh or ‘edinburgh’s’ or glasgow or ‘glasgow’s’ or inverness or (perth not australia*) or (‘perth’s’ not australia*) or stirling or ‘stirling’s’).ti,ab,in.
30. (armagh or ‘armagh’s’ or belfast or ‘belfast’s’ or lisburn or ‘lisburn’s’ or londonderry or ‘londonderry’s’ or derry or ‘derry’s’ or newry or ‘newry’s’).ti,ab,in.
31. or/23-30
32. (exp africa/or exp americas/or exp antarctic regions/or exp arctic regions/or exp asia/or exp australia/or exp oceania/) not (exp United Kingdom/or europe/)
33. 31 not 32
34. 4 and 17 and 22 and 33[Nursing literature]
35. 7 and 17 and 22 and 33[Midwifery literature]
36. 10 and 17 and 22 and 33[Paramedics literature]

Database: CINAHL

Host: EBSCO

Issue: n/a

Date searched: 12/2/2021

Searcher: SB

Hits: 844 (nurses); 60 (midwives); 16 (paramedics)

Strategy: Available on request from the authors.

Notes: EBSCO UK/Ireland geographic limit applied.

Database: HMIC

Host: Ovid

Issue: 1974 to January 2021

Date searched: 26/2/2021

Searcher: SB

Hits: 243 (nurses); 9 (midwives); 3 (paramedics)

Strategy: Available on request from the authors.

TABLE 17

Results for MEDLINE, CINAHL and HMIC database searches

TABLE 18

Origin of papers for the initial search including supplementary searching

Revised paramedic search

Database: MEDLINE

Host: Ovid

Issue: 1946 to March 30, 2021

Date searched: 31 March 2021

Searcher: SB

Hits: 24

Strategy:

1. paramedic*.tw.
2. (emergency adj2 (attendant* or personnel or responder* or technician*)).tw.
3. (ems or emt).tw.
4. (prehospital or ‘pre hospital’).tw.
5. ‘first responder*’.tw.
6. ‘emergency services’.tw.
7. ambulance*.tw.
8. HEMS.tw.
9. ‘field triage*’.tw.
10. ‘out of hospital’.tw.
11. (‘trauma risk management’ or TRIM).tw.
12. Emergency Medical Technicians/
13. Emergency Medical Services/
14. Emergency Responders/
15. Ambulances/
16. Air Ambulances/
17. or/1-16
18. (‘mental health’ or ‘mental ill health’ or stress* or distress* or anxiety or anxious or depression or depressed or ‘wellbeing’ or wellbeing or resilienc*).tw.
19. (pressure* adj3 (work* or ‘patient* demand*’)).tw.
20. *Mental Health/
21. Stress, Psychological/
22. *Depression/
23. *Anxiety/
24. or/18-23
25. (retention or presenteeism or absenteeism or a ‘sick leave’ or burnout or ‘burn* out’).tw.
26. Presenteeism/
27. *Absenteeism/
28. *Sick Leave/
29. or/25-28
30. exp United Kingdom/
31. (national health service* or nhs*).ti,ab,in.
32. (english not ((published or publication* or translat* or written or language* or speak* or literature or citation*) adj5 english)).ti,ab.
33. (gb or ‘g.b.’ or britain* or (british* not ‘british columbia’) or uk or ‘u.k.’ or united kingdom* or (england* not ‘new england’) or northern ireland* or northern irish* or scotland* or scottish* or ((wales or ‘south wales’) not ‘new south wales’) or welsh*).ti,ab,jw,in.
34. (bath or ‘bath’s’ or ((birmingham not alabama*) or (‘birmingham’s’ not alabama*) or bradford or ‘bradford’s’ or brighton or ‘brighton’s’ or bristol or ‘bristol’s’ or carlisle* or ‘carlisle’s’ or (cambridge not (massachusetts* or boston* or harvard*)) or (‘cambridge’s’ not (massachusetts* or boston* or harvard*)) or (canterbury not zealand*) or (‘canterbury’s’ not zealand*) or chelmsford or ‘chelmsford’s’ or chester or ‘chester’s’ or chichester or ‘chichester’s’ or coventry or ‘coventry’s’ or derby or ‘derby’s’ or (durham not (carolina* or nc)) or (‘durham’s’ not (carolina* or nc)) or ely or ‘ely’s’ or exeter or ‘exeter’s’ or gloucester or ‘gloucester’s’ or hereford or ‘hereford’s’ or hull or ‘hull’s’ or lancaster or ‘lancaster’s’ or leeds* or leicester or ‘leicester’s’ or (lincoln not nebraska*) or (‘lincoln’s’ not nebraska*) or (liverpool not (new south wales* or nsw)) or (‘liverpool’s’ not (new south wales* or nsw)) or ((london not (ontario* or ont or toronto*)) or (‘london’s’ not (ontario* or ont or toronto*)) or manchester or ‘manchester’s’ or (newcastle not (new south wales* or nsw)) or (‘newcastle’s’ not (new south wales* or nsw)) or norwich or ‘norwich’s’ or nottingham or ‘nottingham’s’ or oxford or ‘oxford’s’ or peterborough or ‘peterborough’s’ or plymouth or ‘plymouth’s’ or portsmouth or ‘portsmouth’s’ or preston or ‘preston’s’ or ripon or ‘ripon’s’ or salford or ‘salford’s’ or salisbury or ‘salisbury’s’ or sheffield or ‘sheffield’s’ or southampton or ‘southampton’s’ or st albans or stoke or ‘stoke’s’ or sunderland or ‘sunderland’s’ or truro or ‘truro’s’ or wakefield or ‘wakefield’s’ or wells or westminster or ‘westminster’s’ or winchester or ‘winchester’s’ or wolverhampton or ‘wolverhampton’s’ or (worcester not (massachusetts* or boston* or harvard*)) or (‘worcester’s’ not (massachusetts* or boston* or harvard*)) or (york not (‘new york*’ or ny or ontario* or ont or toronto*)) or (‘york’s’ not (‘new york*’ or ny or ontario* or ont or toronto*))))).ti,ab,in.
35. (bangor or ‘bangor’s’ or cardiff or ‘cardiff’s’ or newport or ‘newport’s’ or st asaph or ‘st asaph’s’ or st davids or swansea or ‘swansea’s’).ti,ab,in.
36. (aberdeen or ‘aberdeen’s’ or dundee or ‘dundee’s’ or edinburgh or ‘edinburgh’s’ or glasgow or ‘glasgow’s’ or inverness or (perth not australia*) or (‘perth’s’ not australia*) or stirling or ‘stirling’s’).ti,ab,in.
37. (armagh or ‘armagh’s’ or belfast or ‘belfast’s’ or lisburn or ‘lisburn’s’ or londonderry or ‘londonderry’s’ or derry or ‘derry’s’ or newry or ‘newry’s’).ti,ab,in.
38. or/30-37
39. (exp africa/or exp americas/or exp antarctic regions/or exp arctic regions/or exp Asia/or exp australia/or exp oceania/) not (exp United Kingdom/or Europe/)
40. 38 not 39
41. 17 and 24 and 29 and 40

Database: CINAHL

Host: EBSCO

Issue: n/a

Date searched: 31 March 2021

Searcher: SB

Hits: 56

Strategy: Available on request from the authors.

Notes: EBSCO UK/Ireland geographic limit applied.

Database: HMIC

Host: Ovid

Issue: 1979 to January 2021

Date searched: 31 March 2021

Searcher: SB

Hits: 7

Strategy: Available on request from the authors.

TABLE 19

Search results for revised paramedic search

COVID search

Database: CINAHL

Host: EBSCO

Issue: n/a

Date searched: 7/12/2021

Searcher: SB

Hits: Nurses: 1355; midwives: 75; paramedics: 227

Strategy:

1. TI (nurse or nurses or nursing) OR AB (nurse or nurses or nursing)
2. (MH ‘Nurses+’)
3. S1 OR S2
4. TI (midwif* or midwives) OR AB (midwif* or midwives)
5. (MH ‘Midwifery+’)
6. S4 OR S5
7. TI paramedic* OR AB paramedic*
8. TI ((emergency N1 (attendant* or personnel or responder* or technician*))) OR AB ((emergency N1 (attendant* or personnel or responder* or technician*)))
9. TI (ems or emt) OR AB (ems or emt)
10. TI (prehospital or ‘pre hospital’) OR AB (prehospital or ‘pre hospital’)
11. TI ‘first responder*’ OR AB ‘first responder*’
12. TI ‘emergency services’ OR AB ‘emergency services’
13. TI ambulance* OR AB ambulance*
14. TI HEMS OR AB HEMS
15. TI ‘field triage*’ OR AB ‘field triage*’
16. TI ‘out of hospital’ OR AB ‘out of hospital’
17. TI ((‘trauma risk management’ or TRIM)) OR AB ((‘trauma risk management’ or TRIM))
18. (MH ‘Emergency Medical Technicians’)
19. (MH ‘Emergency Medical Services+’)
20. (MH ‘Ambulances’)
21. S7 OR S8 OR S9 OR S10 OR S11 OR S12 OR S13 OR S14 OR S15 OR S16 OR S17 OR S18 OR S19 OR S20
22. TI (‘mental health’ or ‘mental ill health’ or stress* or distress* or anxiety or anxious or depression or depressed or ‘wellbeing’ or wellbeing or resilienc*) OR AB (‘mental health’ or ‘mental ill health’ or stress* or distress* or anxiety or anxious or depression or depressed or ‘wellbeing’ or wellbeing or resilienc*)
23. TI (pressure* N2 (work* or ‘patient* demand*’)) OR AB (pressure* N2 (work* or ‘patient* demand*’))
24. (MM ‘Mental Health’)
25. (MH ‘Stress, Psychological’)
26. (MM ‘Depression’)
27. (MM ‘Anxiety’)
28. S22 OR S23 OR S24 OR S25 OR S26 OR S27
29. TI ((coronavirus* or coronovirus* or coronoravirus* or coronaravirus* or ‘corono virus*’ or ‘corona virus*’)) OR AB ((coronavirus* or coronovirus* or coronoravirus* or coronaravirus* or ‘corono virus*’ or ‘corona virus*’))
30. (MH ‘Coronavirus’)
31. (MH ‘Coronavirus Infections’)
32. TI ((‘COVID-19’ or ‘CORVID-19’ or ‘2019nCoV’ or ‘2019-nCoV’ or ‘WN-CoV’ or nCoV or ‘SARS-CoV-2’ or ‘HCoV-19’ or ‘novel coronavirus’)) OR AB ((‘COVID-19’ or ‘CORVID-19’ or ‘2019nCoV’ or ‘2019-nCoV’ or ‘WN-CoV’ or nCoV or ‘SARS-CoV-2’ or ‘HCoV-19’ or ‘novel coronavirus’))
33. (MH ‘COVID-19’)
34. (MH ‘SARS-CoV-2’)
35. (MH ‘COVID-19 Testing’)
36. (MH ‘COVID-19 Vaccines’)
37. S29 OR S30 OR S31 OR S32 OR S33 OR S34 OR S35 OR S36
38. S3 AND S28 AND S37 (Nurses)
39. S6 AND S28 AND S37 (Midwives)
40. S21 AND S28 AND S37 (Paramedics)

Database: MEDLINE ALL

Host: Ovid

Issue: 1946 to December 06, 2021

Date searched: 7/12/2021

Searcher: SB

Hits: nurses: 210; midwives: 15; paramedics: 55

Strategy:

1. (nurse or nurses or nursing).tw.
2. nursing/
3. exp specialties, nursing/
4. or/1-3
5. (midwif* or midwives).tw.
6. Midwifery/
7. 5 or 6
8. paramedic*.tw.
9. (emergency adj2 (attendant* or personnel or responder* or technician*)).tw.
10. (ems or emt).tw.
11. (prehospital or ‘pre hospital’).tw.
12. ‘first responder*’.tw.
13. ‘emergency services’.tw.
14. ambulance*.tw.
15. HEMS.tw.
16. ‘field triage*’.tw.
17. ‘out of hospital’.tw.
18. (‘trauma risk management’ or TRIM).tw.
19. Emergency Medical Technicians/
20. Emergency Medical Services/
21. Emergency Responders/
22. Ambulances/
23. Air Ambulances/
24. or/8-23
25. (‘mental health’ or ‘mental ill health’ or stress* or distress* or anxiety or anxious or depression or depressed or ‘wellbeing’ or wellbeing or resilienc*).tw.
26. (pressure* adj3 (work* or ‘patient* demand*’)).tw.
27. ‘emergency services’.tw.
28. *Mental Health/
29. Stress, Psychological/
30. *Depression/
31. *Anxiety/
32. or/25-30
33. (coronavirus* or coronovirus* or coronoravirus* or coronaravirus* or ‘corono virus*’ or ‘corona virus*’).tw.
34. Coronavirus/
35. Coronavirus Infections/
36. (‘COVID-19’ or ‘CORVID-19’ or ‘2019nCoV’ or ‘2019-nCoV’ or ‘WN-CoV’ or nCoV or ‘SARS-CoV-2’ or ‘HCoV-19’ or ‘novel coronavirus’).tw.
37. COVID-19/
38. SARS-CoV-2/
39. COVID-19 Serological Testing/
40. COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing/
41. COVID-19 Testing/
42. COVID-19 Vaccines/
43. or/33-42
44. exp United Kingdom/
45. (national health service* or nhs*).ti,ab,in.
46. (english not ((published or publication* or translat* or written or language* or speak* or literature or citation*) adj5 english)).ti,ab.
47. (gb or ‘g.b.’ or britain* or (british* not ‘british columbia’) or uk or ‘u.k.’ or united kingdom* or (england* not ‘new england’) or northern ireland* or northern irish* or scotland* or scottish* or ((wales or ‘south wales’) not ‘new south wales’) or welsh*).ti,ab,jw,in.
48. (bath or ‘bath’s’ or ((birmingham not alabama*) or (‘birmingham’s’ not alabama*) or bradford or ‘bradford’s’ or brighton or ‘brighton’s’ or bristol or ‘bristol’s’ or carlisle* or ‘carlisle’s’ or (cambridge not (massachusetts* or boston* or harvard*)) or (‘cambridge’s’ not (massachusetts* or boston* or harvard*)) or (canterbury not zealand*) or (‘canterbury’s’ not zealand*) or chelmsford or ‘chelmsford’s’ or chester or ‘chester’s’ or chichester or ‘chichester’s’ or coventry or ‘coventry’s’ or derby or ‘derby’s’ or (durham not (carolina* or nc)) or (‘durham’s’ not (carolina* or nc)) or ely or ‘ely’s’ or exeter or ‘exeter’s’ or gloucester or ‘gloucester’s’ or hereford or ‘hereford’s’ or hull or ‘hull’s’ or lancaster or ‘lancaster’s’ or leeds* or leicester or ‘leicester’s’ or (lincoln not nebraska*) or (‘lincoln’s’ not nebraska*) or (liverpool not (new south wales* or nsw)) or (‘liverpool’s’ not (new south wales* or nsw)) or ((london not (ontario* or ont or toronto*)) or (‘london’s’ not (ontario* or ont or toronto*)) or manchester or ‘manchester’s’ or (newcastle not (new south wales* or nsw)) or (‘newcastle’s’ not (new south wales* or nsw)) or norwich or ‘norwich’s’ or nottingham or ‘nottingham’s’ or oxford or ‘oxford’s’ or peterborough or ‘peterborough’s’ or plymouth or ‘plymouth’s’ or portsmouth or ‘portsmouth’s’ or preston or ‘preston’s’ or ripon or ‘ripon’s’ or salford or ‘salford’s’ or salisbury or ‘salisbury’s’ or sheffield or ‘sheffield’s’ or southampton or ‘southampton’s’ or st albans or stoke or ‘stoke’s’ or sunderland or ‘sunderland’s’ or truro or ‘truro’s’ or wakefield or ‘wakefield’s’ or wells or westminster or ‘westminster’s’ or winchester or ‘winchester’s’ or wolverhampton or ‘wolverhampton’s’ or (worcester not (massachusetts* or boston* or harvard*)) or (‘worcester’s’ not (massachusetts* or boston* or harvard*)) or (york not (‘new york*’ or ny or ontario* or ont or toronto*)) or (‘york’s’ not (‘new york*’ or ny or ontario* or ont or toronto*))))).ti,ab,in.
49. (bangor or ‘bangor’s’ or cardiff or ‘cardiff’s’ or newport or ‘newport’s’ or st asaph or ‘st asaph’s’ or st davids or swansea or ‘swansea’s’).ti,ab,in.
50. (aberdeen or ‘aberdeen’s’ or dundee or ‘dundee’s’ or edinburgh or ‘edinburgh’s’ or glasgow or ‘glasgow’s’ or inverness or (perth not australia*) or (‘perth’s’ not australia*) or stirling or ‘stirling’s’).ti,ab,in.
51. (armagh or ‘armagh’s’ or belfast or ‘belfast’s’ or lisburn or ‘lisburn’s’ or londonderry or ‘londonderry’s’ or derry or ‘derry’s’ or newry or ‘newry’s’).ti,ab,in.
52. or/44-51
53. (exp africa/or exp americas/or exp antarctic regions/or exp arctic regions/or exp asia/or exp australia/or exp oceania/) not (exp United Kingdom/or europe/)
54. 52 not 53
55. 4 and 32 and 43 and 54 (Nurses)
56. 7 and 32 and 43 and 54 (Midwives)
57. 24 and 32 and 43 and 54 (Paramedics)

Database: HMIC

Host: Ovid

Issue: 1979 to September 2021

Date searched: 7/12/2021

Searcher: SB

Hits: nurses: 3; midwives: 0; paramedics: 0

Strategy: as per MEDLINE without MeSH (available on request from author)

TABLE 20

COVID search results