Oxman AD, Sackett DL, Guyatt GH. Users' guides to the medical literature. I. How to get started. The Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group. JAMA. 1993;270(17):2093–5. [PubMed: 8411577]

Guirguis-Blake J, Calonge N, Miller T, Siu A, Teutsch S, Whitlock E. Force USPST. Current processes of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force: refining evidence-based recommendation development. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2007;147(2):117–22. [PubMed: 17576998]

Briss PA, Zaza S, Pappaioanou M, Fielding J, Wright-De Aguero L, Truman BI, Hopkins DP, Mullen PD, Thompson RS. et al. Developing an evidence-based Guide to Community Preventive Services—methods. The Task Force on Community Preventive Services. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2000;18(1 Suppl):35–43. [PubMed: 10806978]

Ratko TA, Burnett DA, Foulke GE, Matuszewski KA, Sacher RA. Recommendations for off-label use of intravenously administered immunoglobulin preparations. University Hospital Consortium Expert Panel for Off-Label Use of Polyvalent Intravenously Administered Immunoglobulin Preparations. JAMA. 1995;273(23):1865–70. [PubMed: 7776504]

Jassal SV, Roscoe JM, Zaltzman JS, Mazzulli T, Krajden M, Gadawski M, Cattran DC, Cardella CJ, Albert SE. et al. Clinical practice guidelines: prevention of cytomegalovirus disease after renal transplantation. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 1998;9(9):1697–708. [PubMed: 9727379]

Huang HY, Caballero B, Chang S, Alberg A, Semba R, Schneyer C, Wilson RF, Cheng TY, Prokopowicz G, et al. Multivitamin/mineral supplements and prevention of chronic disease. Evidence Report/Technology Assessment No. 139. (Prepared by The Johns Hopkins University Evidence-based Practice Center under Contract No. 290-02-0018). AHRQ Publication No. 06-E012. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. May 2006.

Balk EM, Tatsioni A, Lichtenstein AH, Lau J, Pittas AG. Effect of chromium supplementation on glucose metabolism and lipids: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Care. 2007;30(8):2154–63. [PubMed: 17519436]

Raman G, Tatsioni A, Chung M, Rosenberg IH, Lau J, Lichtenstein AH, Balk EM. Heterogeneity and lack of good quality studies limit association between folate, vitamins B-6 and B-12, and cognitive function. Journal of Nutrition. 2007;137(7):1789–94. [PubMed: 17585032]

Balk EM, Horsley TA, Newberry SJ, Lichtenstein AH, Yetley EA, Schachter HM, Moher D, MacLean CH, Lau J. A collaborative effort to apply the evidence-based review process to the field of nutrition: challenges, benefits, and lessons learned. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2007;85(6):1448–56. [PubMed: 17556679]

Cranney C HT, O'Donnell S, Weiler HA, Ooi DS, Atkinson SA, Ward LM, Hanley DA, Moher D, Puil L, Fang M, Yazdi F, Garritty C, Sampson M, Barrowman N, Tsertsvadze A, Mamaladze V. Effectiveness and Safety of Vitamin D in Relation to Bone Health. Evidence Report/Technology Assessment No. 158 (Prepared by the University of Ottawa Evidence-based Practice Center (UO-EPC) under Contract No. 290-02-0021. AHRQ Publication No. 07-E013. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. August 2007.

FAO/WHO. A model for establishing upper levels of intake for nutrients and related substances. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Technical Workshop on Nutrient Risk Assessment. 2005;Ch 4, pg 26–39 and Annex 2, Discussion Paper 1. Geneva, Switzerland. [PubMed: 17310857]

Balk E, Chung M, Chew P, Ip S, Raman G, Kupelnick B, Tatsioni A, Sun Y, Wolk B, et al. Effects of Soy on Health Outcomes. Evidence Report/Technology Assessment No. 126. (Prepared by Tufts-New England Medical Center Evidence-based Practice Center under Contract No. 290-02-0022.) AHRQ Publication No. 05-E024-2. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. 2005.

Jordan H, Matthan N, Chung M, Balk E, Chew P, Kupelnick B, DeVine D, Lawrence A, Lichtenstein A, et al. Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Arrhythmogenic Mechanisms in Animal and Isolated Organ/Cell Culture Studies. Evidence Report/Technology Assessment No. 92 (Prepared by Tufts-New England Medical Center Evidence-based Practice Center, under Contract No. 290-02-0022). AHRQ Publication No 04-E011-2. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. March 2004. (92):1–8. [PMC free article: PMC4780903] [PubMed: 15133886]

Stroup DF, Berlin JA, Morton SC, Olkin I, Williamson GD, Rennie D, Moher D, Becker BJ, Sipe TA. et al. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group. JAMA. 2000;283(15):2008–12. [PubMed: 10789670]

Moher D, Cook DJ, Eastwood S, Olkin I, Rennie D, Stroup DF. Improving the quality of reports of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials: the QUOROM statement. Quality of Reporting of Meta-analyses. Lancet. 1999;354(9193):1896–900. [PubMed: 10584742]

Moher D, Schulz KF, Altman D, Group C. The CONSORT statement: revised recommendations for improving the quality of reports of parallel-group randomized trials. JAMA. 2001;285(15):1987–91. [PubMed: 11308435]

Plint AC, Moher D, Morrison A, Schulz K, Altman DG, Hill C, Gaboury I. Does the CONSORT checklist improve the quality of reports of randomised controlled trials? A systematic review. Medical Journal of Australia. 2006;185(5):263–7. [PubMed: 16948622]

Collaboration C. The Cochrane Collaboration [homepage on the Internet]. March 26, 2008 [cited 2008 August]; Available from: http://www​.cochrane.org.

AHRQ. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality [Homepage on the Internet]. [cited 2008 August]; Available from: http://www​.ahrq.gov.

Harris RP, Helfand M, Woolf SH, Lohr KN, Mulrow CD, Teutsch SM, Atkins D. Methods Work Group TUSPSTF. Current methods of the US Preventive Services Task Force: a review of the process. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2001;20(3 Suppl):21–35. [PubMed: 11306229]

Wang C, Chung M, Lichtenstein AH, Balk E, Kupelnick B, DeVine D, Lau J. Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Cardiovascular Disease. Evidence Report/Technology Assessment No. 94 (Prepared by Tufts-New England Medical Center Evidence-based Practice Center, under Contract No. 290-02-0022). AHRQ Publication No. 04-E0092. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. March 2004.

da Costa Santos CM, de Mattos Pimenta CA, Nobre MR. The PICO strategy for the research question construction and evidence search. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem. 2007;15(3):508–11. [PubMed: 17653438]

Balk EM, Bonis PA, Moskowitz H, Schmid CH, Ioannidis JP, Wang C, Lau J. Correlation of quality measures with estimates of treatment effect in meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. JAMA. 2002;287(22):2973–82. [PubMed: 12052127]

AHRQ. Advancing the Role of Evidence-based Reviews in Nutrition Research and Applications. EPC Technical Paper 2: Evaluating Approaches for Integrating Evidence-based Reviews into Processes for Deriving Nutrient Reference Intakes. http://www​.ahrq.gov/clinic/tp/nutritntp​.htm (accessed June 2008).

Higgins JP, Green S. Cochrance Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.0.0. February 2008 [cited 2008 August]; Available from: www​.cochrane-handbook.org.

The Guide to Clinical Preventive Services 2006 - Recommendations of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Pocket Guide. 2007 [cited 2008 August]; AHRQ Publication No. 07-05100]. Available from: http://www​.ahrq.gov/clinic​/pocketgd07/gcpapp.htm#ApA.

GRADE Working Group [homepage on Internet]. 2005 [cited 2008 August]; Available from: http://www​.gradeworkinggroup.org/

Miller ER 3rd, Pastor-Barriuso R, Dalal D, Riemersma RA, Appel LJ, Guallar E. Meta-analysis: high-dosage vitamin E supplementation may increase all-cause mortality. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2005;142(1):37–46. [PubMed: 15537682]

IOM. Dietary Reference Intakes. Vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium and carotenoids. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. 2000. [PubMed: 25077263]

IOM. Dietary Reference Intakes. Vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium and zinc. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. 2001. [PubMed: 11269606]

IOM. Dietary Reference Intakes. Thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, biotin and choline. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. 1998. [PubMed: 23193625]

USDA. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference Release 18 homepage. [cited May 2008]. http://www​.nal.usda.gov​/fnic/foodcomp/Data/.

Schatzkin A, Kipnis V, Carroll RJ, Midthune D, Subar AF, Bingham S, Schoeller DA, Troiano RP, Freedman LS. A comparison of a food frequency questionnaire with a 24-hour recall for use in an epidemiological cohort study: results from the biomarker-based Observing Protein and Energy Nutrition (OPEN) study. International Journal of Epidemiology. 2003;32(6):1054–62. [PubMed: 14681273]

National Center for Health Statistics. Questionnaire for NHANES 2001-02. Internet: http://www​.cdc.gov/nchs​/data/nhanes/nhanes_01_02/sp_dsq.pdf (accessed 7 May 2008).

Official Journal of the European Communities. Directive 2002/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 June 2002 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to food supplements. [cited May 2008]. Available from: http://faolex​.fao.org/cgi-bin/faolex​.exe?rec_id​=032538&database​=FAOLEX&search_type​=link&table​=result&lang​=eng&format​_name=@ERALL.

Gagnier JJ, Boon H, Rochon P, Moher D, Barnes J, Bombardier C, Group C. Reporting randomized, controlled trials of herbal interventions: an elaborated CONSORT statement. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2006;144(5):364–7. [PubMed: 16520478]

Hooper L, Summerbell CD, Higgins JP, Thompson RL, Capps NE, Smith GD, Riemersma RA, Ebrahim S. Dietary fat intake and prevention of cardiovascular disease: systematic review. British Medical Journal. 2001;322(7289):757–63. [PMC free article: PMC30550] [PubMed: 11282859]

Wang C, Harris WS, Chung M, Lichtenstein AH, Balk EM, Kupelnick B, Jordan HS, Lau J. n-3 Fatty acids from fish or fish-oil supplements, but not alpha-linolenic acid, benefit cardiovascular disease outcomes in primary- and secondary-prevention studies: a systematic review. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2006;84(1):5–17. [PubMed: 16825676]

NIH/NHLBI. Working group report on future clinical research directions on omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease. www.nhlbi.nih.gov/meetings/workshops/omega-3/omega-3-rpt.hum (accessed June 2008).

NIH. State-of-the-Science Conference Statement on Multivitamin/Mineral Supplements and Chronic Disease Prevention, May 15–17, 2006. http://consensus.nih.gov/2006/2006MultivitaminMineral SOS28 main.htm (accessed June 2008). [PubMed: 17332802]

Brannon RM, Yetley EA, Bailey RL, Picciano MF. Overview of the conference “Vitamin D and Health in the 21st Century: an Update” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2008;88:S483–592. [PubMed: 18689388]

USDA/DHHS. Dietary Guidelines for Americans. [cited May 2008] Available from: http://www.healthierus.gov/dietaryguidelines/ 2005.

Bantle JP, Wylie-Rosett J, Albright AL, Apovian CM, Clark NG, Franz MJ, Hoogwerf BJ, Lichtenstein AH. American Diabetes Association. et al. Nutrition recommendations and interventions for diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(Suppl 1):S61–78. [PubMed: 18165339]

IOM. Dietary Reference Intakes. Energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, Protein and amino acids. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. 2005. [PubMed: 12449285]

USPSTF. Screening and Supplementation for Iron Deficiency Anemia (2206). http://www.ahrq.gov/cliniic/uspstf/uspsiron.htm (accessed June 2008).

USPSTF. Counseling for a Healthy Diet (2003). http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/supstf/uspsdiet.htm (accessed June 2008).

ADA. Evidence-Based Pediatric Weight Management Nutrition Practice Guideline (2007). [cited May 2008] Available from: http://www​.adaevidencelibrary.com.

CDC. Guide to Community Preventive Services: Nutrition. The Role of Healthy Eating. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/nutrition/nutr-int-schools.pdf (accessed June 2008).

Kavanaugh CJ, Trumbo PR, Ellwood KC. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's evidence-based review for qualified health claims: tomatoes, lycopene, and cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 2007;99(14):1074–85. [PubMed: 17623802]

Trumbo PR, Ellwood KC. Lutein and zeaxanthin intakes and risk of age-related macular degeneration and cataracts: an evaluation using the Food and Drug Administration's evidence-based review system for health claims. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2006;84(5):971–4. [PubMed: 17093145]